第五部分　阅读理解　(120分) 
第一篇　Physicians　in　the　USA 
Self-employed　private　physicians　who　charge　a　fee　for　each　patient　visit　are　the　foundation　of　medical　practice　in　the　United　States.　Most　physicians　have　a　contract　relationship　with　not　or　more　hospital　in　the　community.　They　send　their　patients　to　this　hospital,　which　usually　charges　patients　that　they　use.　Some　hospitals　belong　to　a　city,　a　state　or,　in　the　case　of　veterans’　hospitals,　a　federal　government　agency.　Others　are　operated　by　religious　orders　(教堂)　or　other　non-profit　groups. 
Some　medical　doctors　are　on　salary.　Salaried　physicians　may　work　as　hospital　staff　members,　or　residents,　who　are　often　still　in　training.　They　may　teach　in　medical　schools,　be　hired　by　corporations　to　care　for　their　workers　or　work　for　the　federal　government’s　Public　Health　Service. 
Physicians　are　among　the　best　paid　professionals　in　the　United　States.　In　the　1980s,　it　was　not　uncommon　for　medical　doctors　to　earn　incomes　of　more　than　$　100,000　a　year.　Specialists,　particularly　surgeons,　might　earn　several　times　that　amount.　Physicians　list　many　reasons　why　they　deserve　to　be　so　well　rewarded　for　their　work.　One　reason　is　the　long　and　expensive　preparation　requited　to　become　a　physician　in　the　United　States.　Most　would　-be　physicians　first　attend　college　for　four　years,　which　can　cost　nearly　$　20,000　a　year　at　one　of　the　best　private　institutions.　Prospective　(未来)　physicians　then　attend　medical　school　for　four　years.　Tuition　alone　can　exceed　$　10,000　a　year.　By　the　time　they　have　obtained　their　medical　degrees,　many　young　physicians　are　deeply　in　debt.　They　still　face　three　to　five　years　of　residency　(实行阶段)　in　a　hospital,　the　first　year　as　an　apprentice　physician.　The　hours　are　long　and　they　pay　in　relatively　low. 
Setting　up　a　medical　practice　is　expensive,　too.　Sometimes　several　physicians　will　decide　to　establish　a　group　practice,　so　they　can　share　the　expense　of　maintaining　an　office　and　buying　equipment.　These　physicians　also　of　each　other’s　patients　in　emergencies. 
Physicians　work　long　hours　and　must　accept　a　great　deal　of　responsibility.　Many　medical　procedures,　even　quite　routine　ones,　involve　risk.　It　is　understandable　that　physicians　want　to　be　well　rewarded　for　making　decisions　which　can　mean　the　difference　between　life　and　death. 
36.　According　to　the　passage,　it　is　very　unlikely　that　an　American　hospital　is　owned　by　__________. 
○A.　a　church 
○B.　a　corporation 
○C.　a　city 
○D.　a　state 
37.　The　expenses　for　becoming　a　doctor　are　spent　on　_________. 
○A.　schooling　and　training 
○B.　practice　in　a　hospital 
○C.　facilities　he　or　she　uses. 
○D.　education　he　or　she　receives 
38.　According　to　the　passage,　how　long　does　it　take　for　a　would-be　physician　to　become　and　independent　physician　in　the　USA? 
○A.　About　seven　years. 
○B.　Eight　years. 
○C.　Ten　years. 
○D.　About　twelve　years. 
39.　Sometimes　several　physicians　set　up　a　group　medical　practice　mainly　because　_______. 
○A.　they　may　have　more　patients 
○B.　they　can　take　turns　to　work　long　hours 
○C.　facilities　may　be　a　big　burden　to　an　individual 
○D.　no　one　wants　to　assume　too　much　responsibility 
40.　Which　of　the　following　statements　could　fully　express　the　author’s　view　towards　physicians’　payment　in　the　USA? 
○A.　Physicians’　expensive　education　and　the　characteristics　of　their　work　make　them　well　deserve　the　handsome　pay 
○B.　It　is　reasonable　for　physicians　to　have　a　large　income　because　their　work　is　very　dangerous. 
○C.　Physicians　should　be　better　paid　because　they　work　long　hours　under　bad　conditions. 
○D.　Physicians　shoulder　great　responsibility,　so　it　is　understand　able　that　they　should　be　well　rewarded.