全国专业四级英语填空题常考结构(2)

网络资源 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-11

五、介词+ which结构许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子,因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 “介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子,因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。

  例1:In the United States, a primary election is a method ___voters select the nominees for public office.     (A) that     (B)by which     (C)is that     (D)by those 分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。   A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。   B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确

  例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called wickers.    (A) when    (B) which    (C) is when    (D) in which 分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。

六、in that结构在表示“原因”概念的引导词中,  because of +名词,  consequently是副词  而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。

  例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals ___ it is a liquid.    (A) whereas    (B) in that    (C) because of    (D) consequently 分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。

  例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ___travel over land and water on a layer of air.    (A)they    (B)in they    (C)that they    (D)in that they 分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。

  这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。

  例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place___great inspiration for her poems.    (A) that she drew    (B) by drawing her    (C) from which she drew    (D) drawn from which 分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。

七、what 结构 what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点:  what=the thing that

  例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on___best in its climate and soil.    (A) it grows    (B) what grows    (C) does it grow    (D) what does it grow 分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。

  例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became___is now Indiana and Ohio.    (A) there    (B) where    (C) that    (D) what 分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有D符合条件。

八、同位语结构同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语    ___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号)

  例1:The tongue , ___, is an important aid in chewing and swallowing .    (A) is the chief organ of taste    (B) tasting the organ chiefly    (C) the chief organ of taste    (D) the organ chiefly tastes 分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词is, 故先排除A和D。(B)不合题意,故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。

同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词    ___, ___ (注意是一个逗号)

  例2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of Native Americans in her novel, Century of Dishonor.    (A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause    (B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson    (C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause    (D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. 分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。

  例3:Often very annoying weeds ,___and act as hosts to many insect pests.    (A) that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods    (B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods    (C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy plants    (D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants 分析:空格后面是and, 句中缺少与and并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是分词和名词短语, 无法与动词act并列; D 包含主语的同位语goldenrods和谓语动词crowd。

同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语例4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately___from Marathon to Athens.    (A) the distance is    (B) that the distance is    (C) is that the distance    (D) the distance 分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、C均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。


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