英语翻译中的词汇辨析(4)

网络资源 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-11

【机电】

系统:electric light system电照明系统

lubricating system润滑系统来源:考

电力网:system fault电力网故障

装置:tierod-crank system连杆曲柄装置

top charging system炉顶装料装置 来源:考

设备:loading system转载设备

制:basic hole(shaft) system基孔(轴)制

【数学】组:system of equations 来源:考

【力学】系:system of forces

【化学】法:acid system酸法

【社会】

体系:industrial system来源:考

制度:social system

方法:a new system of teaching foreign language

The shade meaning of "work": 来源:考

工作:work experience

工件:stamp work模锻工件

工厂: NO.1 Motor Vehical Works

工事:defence works

著作:new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书

功:mechanical work 来源:考

运转:The machine works well.

加工:The wood works easily.

起作用:The medicine works.

造成:work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹

The shade meaning of "sound":

【声音】sound wave来源:考

【听起来】The plan sounds reasonable.

【发音】sound every syllable!每个音节都要发音。

The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前进,一路锤测水深。

【完好的】sound metal优质金属

【牢固的】sound casting 坚实的铸件

The sahde meaning of "sound":

【圆的】round plate

【整的】a round ton

【环形】a round trip往还一次

【圆角】fillet and round内圆角和外圆角

【弹】guided round (missile)导弹

【围绕】The moon moves round the earth.

【到处】show sb round 来源:考

【使圆】round the corners

【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416

"废物"之说:

1、litter:并不是真正意义上的废物,而是用后散置的“杂物”,相当于odds and ends,或索性说是残余物(leavings)

Always pick up your litter after a picnic.

2、waste:真正的废物,美国人常用trash,此字还有“残屑”、或“垃圾”之意。

垃圾篓美国人用trash can;英国用dustbin.美国人把南方的穷苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可见,此词又可作“无价值的人或物”解释。

That book is mere trash.

3、rubbish:范围广,真正的废物。也可表惊叹“Rubbish(胡说!)”

英国人常说:That book is all rubbish.

4、厨房残屑:kitchen refuse或refuse:此词做废物或无用之物讲,但一般指固体废物,不指可排泄的垃圾。

5、到垃圾的地方:a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.

6、junk:垃圾、废物。原意是“破烂货”。来源:考

His writing is all junk. 来源:考

7、废人、社会渣滓:human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hobo

He is now a "has-been"(他现成了废物)=He outlived his usefulness.

Commitment译法:来源:考

动词commit在字典中涵义:

1、 犯、行、作:commit a crime; commit a blunder; commit murder; commit suicide

2、 委托、付诸:commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托资金与保管委员会);commit a bill(议会将议案交付委员审查);commit thoughts to writing(将想法写出来);commit something to memory(暗记某事);

3、 承担:If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brother’s school expenses, and give $ 500 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.

4、 (束缚身体之意转为)牵累,陷入,献身:Do not commit yourself(勿自限累);commit oneself to a promise;

例析: 来源:考

1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.

在过去十年中,我们比历史上任何时期都力求更加热心地、更加献身地、更加成功地来达到这个目标(献身)。

2、(李光耀对新加坡人的定义)A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it is—multi-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking---and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.

一个新加坡人就是一个对现存的多元种族、容忍互助而又高瞻远瞩的社会,以献身精神来支持它,并装备为它付出生命的人(献身的)。

3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.

我相信两党的总统候选人,都应绝对明确地表示,他们对于促成现在巴黎举行的商谈成功,具有基本的言语约束(言约)。

4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commitment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.

我们和平政策的第二条诫命,就是我们必须尽我们的义务,守住我们的诺言,竭尽所能,反抗侵略(诺言)。

5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.

越南可能是一种痛苦的玩笑,也可能是在保卫自由中的一个大的牵累,它不会因为我们大叫讨厌而走开,也不会因为我们鸣金收兵而消失(牵累)

6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.

1968年会计年度新的投资计有5070万美元,使得国际金融公司在其他会员国的私人企业总投资,39个国家共达27180万美元(投资)。

7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments.日本人忠实地遵守了投降条件(条件)。


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