6.Analyze the characters of John Keats’s poetry.
Answer:(1)The poems are sensuous, colorful, and rich in imagery, (which expresses the acuteness of his senses) (2)Words are beautiful and musical. (3)The ancient Greek and English poetry provides the most important imaginative resource. (4)The construction of poems are knit, and the description go beyond the physical beauty of the world. (P218-219)

7. Jane Austen was the only important female author in the 18-19th century, how do you know about her?
Answer:
Generally speaking, Austen was writer of the 18th century. (1)Her novels always dealt with the romantic entanglement of the heroines; (2)She believed in it that reason over passion, sense of responsibility, good manners,and clear judgment over romance; she honored the Augustan virtues of moderation, dignity disciplined emotion and common sense; (3)She contempt snobbery, stupidity, worldliness etc;(4)Her main concern was the relationship between men and women in love; (5)Her writing range was limited, all restricted to the provincial life of the 18th century England; (6)She presented the quiet, day-to-day country life of the middle -upper -class English. (7)Her characteristic theme was: maturity is got by the loss of illusions. (P223--226)

Chapter 4 The Victorian Period

I. Choose the right answer:
Chronologically the Victorian refers to__________.
A.1798---1832 B.1836---1901 C.the Romantic period D.the Neoclassical Period
Answer: B (P233)
____works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.
A.Thomas Hardy’s B.Charles Dickens’s C.Charlotte Bronte’s 
Answer: B (P241)
3. _____is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th century London.
A.Oliver Twist B.Great Expectations C.David Copper Field D.Hard Times
Answer: A (P243)
____is an elaborate and powerful expression of Alfred Tennyson’s philosophical and religious thoughts.
A.Idylls of the King B.“Ulysses” C.Poems, Chieoqy Lyrical] D.In Memoriam
Answer: D (P274)
4. The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’s works lies in his ______.
A.social criticism B.optimism C.character-portrayal D.social setting
Answer: C (P241)
_____is based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.
A.In Memoriam B.“Ulysses” C.Idylls of the King D.The Princess
Answer: C (P275)
5. _____is Robert Browning’s best-known dramatic monologue.
A.“My Last Duches” B.“Meeting at Night” C.“Parting at Morning” D.“Pippa Passes”
Answer: A (P287)
6. _____initiates a new type of realism and sets into motion a variety of developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel.
A.Charles Dickens B.George Eliot C.Charlotte Bronte D.Thomas hardy
Answer: B (P292)
7. _____works are known as “novels of characters and environment.”
A.Charles Dickens’s B.George Eliot’s C.Jane Austen’s D.Geroge Eliot’s
Answer: B (P300)
8. ____belives that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of ‘nature”, both inside and outside.
A.Charles Dickens B.Thomas hardy C.Bernard Shaw D.T.S. Eliot
Answer: B (P301)
9. The author of the work “Dombey and Son” is _________.
A.Charles Dickens B.Henry James C.Robert Lee Frost D.Ezra Pound
Answer: A (P239—240)
10. The most important characteristic in Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson is _______.
A.mastering of language B.excellent choice of words C.use of the dramatic monologue D.excellent metaphor
Answer: C (P273)
11. “Self-conceited”, “cruel” and “tyrannical” are most likely the names of the character in______.
A.Robert Browning’s ‘My Last Duchess’ B.Christopher Marlowe’s ‘Dr.Faustus’
C.Shakespeare’s Love’s ‘Labour’s lost’ D.Sheridan’s ‘The School for Scandal’
Answer: A (P287)
12. Robert Browning’s style is_______.
A.identical with that of the other Victorian B.similar to that of Tennyson C.perfectly artistic D.rough and disproportionate in appearance
Answer: D (P285)
13. According to D.H. Lawrence, _____was the first novelist that “started putting all the actions inside”.
A.George Eliot B.Thomas Hardy C.Charles Dickens D.T.S. Eliot
Answer: A (P236)
14. Middlemarch is considered to be George Eliot’s greatest novel, owing to all the following reasons EXCEPT_______.
A.it vividly English country life B.it probed into perpetual philosophical thoughts
C.it provides a panoramic view of life D.it reveals women’s true feelings
Answer: B (P293)
15. ‘Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his”, the sentence is found in_____.
A.Middlemarch by George Eliot B.Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy
C.Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte D.Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte
Answer: B (P309)
16. Which of the following best describes the protagonist (Henchard) of Thomas Hardy’s “The Mayor of the Casterbridge”?
A.He is a man of self-esteem B.He is a man of self-contempt
C.He is a man of self-confidence D.He is a man of self-sufficiency
Answer: D (P300)
17. Which of the following description of Thomas Hardy is wrong?
A.Most of his novels are set in Wessex.
B.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.
C.Among Hardy’s major works, Under the Greenwood Tree is the most cheerful and idyllic.
D.From The Mayor of Casterbridge on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of his novels.
Answer: D (P299---302)
18. Charlotte’s works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly________.
A.governesses B.clerks C.baby-sitters D.managers
Answer: A (P255)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:
“You teach me now how cruel you’ve ---cruel and false. Why did you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort---you deserve this…”

Who is the speaker?What does it refer to “you despise me, you break your own heart”?
What was the meaning of the story from the social point of view?
What is the main device of the story in description?

Answer:
The speaker was Heathcliff.(P270—271)It refers to Cathy married her husband (Linton) and deserted him and her own love.
From the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man –Heathcliff abused, betrayed and distorted by his social betters/by the people with higher social position, because he is a poor nobody. (P266)
Flashback. (P267)

“In pursuance of this determination, little Oliver, to his excessive astonishment, was released from bondage, and ordered to put himself into a clean shirt. He had hardly achieved this very unusual gymnastic performance when Mr. Bumble brought him, with his own hands, a basin of gruel and the holiday allowance of two ounces and a quarter of bread. A very tremendous sight, Oliver begins to cry very piteously. Thinking, not unnaturally, that the board must have decided to kill him for some useful purpose, or they never would have begun to fatten him up in this way.”

Identify the title and the writer. Why Oliver was released from the bondage?
Why had he been punished? Interpret “A very tremendous sight”.

Answer:
This is an excerpt from “Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens. (P249)
Because he would be sold to a notorious chimney-sweeper (at 3 pound ten) and became his apprentice. (P243)
Oliver was punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for more gruel.” (P242)]
From the passage we can see the food is so little and poor in fact, but in the little Oliver’s eyes, it became “A very tremendous sight”. Because in the usual days Oliver and other children were maltreated and abused cruelly, they couldn’t eat well and were punished severely by the cruelty and hypocrisy of the dehumanizing workhouse board. (P243)

“Sunset and evening star,
And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar,
When I put out to sea.”

Explain the implications of the “sunset, evening star, sea”.
Name the title of the poem and interpret it.
Can you say some comment on the poem?

Answer:
Sunset, evening star: the images of the death; sea symbolizes life. (P277—278)
The title is “Crossing the Bar”. It means leaving this world and entering the next world –the world of the spirit
The poem expresses the fearlessness to death of the poet and his faith in God and an afterlife.
(The poem is musical in language, rich in poetic images, elaborate in texture and melancholy in air –the characters of Tennyson.) (P273/P278)

“My favour at her breast,
The dropping of the daylight in the west,
The bough of cherries some officious fool
Broke in the orchard of her, the white mule
She rode with round the terrace –all and each