2.Please cite examples from "Gulliver’s Travels" to explain briefly how did Swift criticized and allude to the government and the society.
参考答案:
1)In the first part of the "Gulliver’s Travels", Swift described the tricks and practices in the competition held before royal members to allude to the fact that the success of the officials was not for their wisdom and excellence but for their skills in the games;
2)In the part 4 of the book, Swift made horses with reason and good qualities.
The citizens who are "hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in almost every way" to criticize/satirize all respects of the English and European life, and urge people to consider the nature of the human and life. (P108-109)
3. People always say that: "As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class" .How do you understand this sentence? Please explain it with the character of him.
参考答案：
1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character.
2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a naive young man into a hardened man.
3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）．
4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised highly, so he can be regarded as a
spokesman of the bourgeois. (P98-100)

Chapter 3 The Romantic Period
I. Choose the right answer:
1. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less______ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.
A.positive B.negative C.neutral D.indifferent
Answer: B (P160)
2. It is _____who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit.
A.Jean Jacques Rousseau B.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe C.Edmund Burke D.Thomas Paine
Answer: A (P157)
3. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are _____and Walter Scott.
A.Washington Irving B.Jane Austen C.Herman Melville D.Charles Dickens
Answer: B (P165)
4. _____defines the poet as "man speaking to men,"  and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."
A.William Blake B.William Wordsworth C.Samuel Taylor Coleridge D.John Keats
Answer: B (P161)
5. For the Romantics, ____is not only the major source of  poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.
A.love B.man C.nature D.death
Answer: C (P162)
6. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literary  form.
A.prose B.poetry C.fiction D.play
Answer: B (P161)
7. The tone of literature in "Song of Experience" by William Blake is _______.
A.doleful B.lively C.plain  D.utter
Answer: A (doleful: 悲哀的P168-169)
8. _____is regarded as a "worship of nature".
A.John Keats B.William Blake  C.William Wordsworth D.Jane Austen
Answer: C (P176)
9. Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?
A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. B.Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.
C.The Solitary Reaper. D.The Chimney Sweeper.
Answer: D (P179---182)
10. Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups:poems about nature and poems about________.
A.love B.human life C.freedom D.social activities
Answer: B (P176)
11. "Don Juan" is Byron’s masterpiece, a great ______of the early 19th century.
A.comedy B.tragedy C.comic epic D.novel
Answer: C (P194)
 12. In his lyrics such as "Ode to Liberty", "Ode to Naples", Percy Bysshe Shelly expressed his love for_____ and his hatred toward tyranny.
A.the middle class B.the poor C.freedom D.the proletariat
Answer: C (P207)

13. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; / Destroy and Preserver; hear, O hear!" The two lines are found in_____.
A.Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne B.Ode to the West Wind by Shelly
C.Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman D.Ulysses by Joyce
Answer: B (P212)
14. In Shelly’s "To a Skylark", the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the poet________.
A.both celestial rapture and human limitation B.both image creation and profound meaning
C.both music and words D.both inspiration and skills of writing
Answer: A (P206)
15. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is __________.
A.Wordsworth B.Austen C.Byron D.Keats
Answer: D (217)
16. Jane Austen’s first novel is __________.
A.Pride and Prejudice B.Sense and Sensibility C.Emma  D.Plan of a Novel
Answer: B (P222)
17. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?
A.Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s  novels. B.Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "First Impressions".
C.Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel. D.In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.
Answer: C (P223-225)
18. After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs.Bennet is a woman of_______.
A.simple character and poor understanding B.simple character and quick wit
C.intricate character and quick wit D.intricate character and poor understanding
Answer: A (P227)
19. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from _________.
A.1660-----1798 B.1798----1832 C.1483-----1546 D.1836-----1901
Answer: B (P157)
20. Which of the following is the Gothic novel?
A.Shelly’s Prometheus Unbound B.Keats’ Lamia C.Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein D.Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
Answer: C (P166)
21.The lines "It was a miracle of rare device, / A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice" are found in__________.
A.Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s "Kubla Khan" B.William Wordsworth’s Lines Written in Early Spring"
C.John Keats’s "Ode to Autumn" D.Percy Bysshe Shelly’s "Ode to the West Wind"
Answer: A (P190---191)
22. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ "Ode on a Grecial Urn"?
A."I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!" B."They are both gone up to the church to pray.’
C."Earth has not anything to show more fair." D."Beauty is truth, truth beauty".
Answer: D (P221)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:
1. "A little black thing among the snow
Crying "’weep! ’weep! In notes of woe
"where are thy father & mother? Say? "
"They are both gone up to the church to prey."
(1)Identify the poem and poet.(2)Explain "notes of woe".(3)What does the sentence mean "they ate both gone up to thechurch to prey."
Answer:(1)It is from "The Chimney Sweeper (from songs of experience) by Blake.(P172) (2)"notes of woe" means the songs/notes of sadness. (3)It implies: religion is the instrument of their repression/ oppression, its nature is to help bring misery to the poor children.(P169)

2. "The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!
Where burning Sappho loved and sung,
Where grew the arts of war and peace,
Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!
Eternal summer gilds them all,
But all, except their sun, is set."

(1)Identify the poem and its author; (2)What does it mean "But all, except their sun, is set."(3)What does the passage imply?
Answer:
(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from "The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)" (P199) (2)The sentence means: The sun is still on the rise, but the rest things all set. (3)The passage implied: The author lamented over the fallen Greece: In the past, Greece nurtured/ cultivated great poets and heroes,who enjoyed freedom and civilization, but now Greece had been enslaved,the past honorable history couldn’t be found again. (P199)

3. "With plough and spade and hoe and loom
Trace your grave and build your tomb
And weave your winding-sheet---till fair
England be your Sepulcher"
(1)Explain "sepulcher"(2)What was the deep implication of the poem?
Answer:
(1)Sepulcher means grave. (P210~211)
(2)The poem ironically addressed to the workers who submit to capitalist exploitation. It warned them: If they gave up the struggle, they would be digging graves for themselves wish their own hands. (P211)

4. "Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness,
Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:"