Chapter 4   P155

2.

5)list some of American literary writers and their literary achiements

1.Benjamin Franklin

Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard's Almanack,The Way to Wealth is his masterpiece .

2.Ernest Hemingway

The Old Man and the Sea,A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,In Our Time,A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is his masterpiece

3.Eugene Glastone O’Neil 

The best playwright in the United States, who won the Pulitzer prize four times, is by far the only one to win the Nobel prize for the playwright, 1936, known as the father of American drama.  whose masterpiece is “Beyond the Horizon”,”The Long Days Journey Into Night”.

4.Pearl S. Buck 

The first woman to win the Pulitzer prize for fiction; won the Nobel prize for literature in 1938. Buck is a famous American writer to Speakers of Chinese .whose masterpiece is The Good Earth.

5John Steinbeck 

whose masterpiece is Of Mice and Men and  The Grapes of Wrath

6.Sinclair Lewis

American first won the Nobel Peace Prize, 1930 he is good at depicting the town features, describe the Philistine typical, mockery of the American way of life ", full of irony and humor, rough style, straightforward. All this is one of the important characteristics of the new American literature.whose masterpiece is The Main Street and Babbitt

7.William Faulkner

On behalf of the United States in 20 of the Southern Renaissance, distinguished and influential. 1949 or Nobel prize in literature. whose masterpiece is A Rose for Emily and he Sound and the Fury ,Light in August ,As I lay dying  Absalom, Absalom

8.Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells are three outstanding representatives of American Realism period. Whose masterpiece is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

3.

3) "Salad bowl" means the United States multicultural background of immigrant groups together, like a large salad bowl, different cultures have their own characteristics, there is no merger integration into a single homogeneous culture.

4) Hollywood: California has Hollywood, more than 50% of the Chinese and Americans in Mexico. St Francesco's Chinatown is the most densely populated residential area in the Chinese. Sacramento. Mild climate throughout the year, every year in October to next April as the rainy season, from May to September for the dry season, and Northern California and Southern California annual rainfall difference is quite big, the rainfall in the northern coastal area of 80 inches, the south such as the Los Angeles area annual rainfall is only about fifteen inches, and rainfall in the eastern desert more scarce.

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3.

2) Ivy League:Ivy League refers to the northeast region of the United States by the composition of the sports events of the United States (see the). They are all top American schools, and the United States to generate the largest Rhodes scholarship winners of the University alliance. In addition, the time is long, eight schools in seven is established in the British colonial period. These eight institutions include: Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University, Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth College, Brown University and Cornell University.

4.

1) comments on US higher educational system

In America ,there is not but 50 educational system . Each state has an educational  administration , not subject to federal control,and the state authorities lay down general principles concerning the organization of schools and such matters as the ages of compulsory education.

The United States has a more comprehensive education system.The students have obvious advantages in the aspect of knowledge width and comprehensive quality.High tuition fees make the students in the United States a lot of economic pressure after graduation.The college entrance examination system in the United States produced a fractional expansion phenomenon.

Canada

Chapter 1   P177

3.

2) The Great Lakes:In Canada and the United States at the junction, there are five Great Lakes, which is known as the world's five largest freshwater lake. According to the size of their Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and lake Ontario.

Chapter3   P201

3.

1) Multiculturalism itself is the cultural norm and diversity is force that unites the commubity.

Australia   P220

Chapter 1

2.

2) what advice would you give to Australian government to protect Aboriginal culture?

Australia Aboriginal culture is one of the oldest and longest surviving cultures that dated back to at least 40000 years.It may date as far as 65000 years ago.The government play an important part in protecing the Australia Aboriginal culture .The government should support the aboriginal culture and hold more relevant activities.Despite this,the government should accelerate the development of culture, and promote the integration with other cultures.

4.

1) Aboriginal culture :Australia Aboriginal culture is one of the oldest and longest surviving cultures that dated back to at least 40000 years.It may date as far as 65000 years ago.Aboriginals believed that the world was ade by the Ancestors,back in the Dreamtime.The Ancestors made everything-the rocks,mountains,plants and animals.They made the Aboriginals too.The Ancestors left certain sights to show which places were to be sacred.The Aboriginals performed ritual songs and ceremonies near the scared sites to keep the spirits of the Ancestors alive.Different tribes had different ideas about the Ancestors who made the world.Others believed that they were animals-spirits.In parts of Arnhem Land,in the Northern Territory,the Ancestors were huge snakes.In other places the spirit who created the world was Wanadjina.

New Zealand   P251

Chapter 1

4.

2)the significance of The Treaty of Waitangi

The Treaty governs the relationship between the indigenous people, Māori, and everyone else and ensures the rights of both Māori and Pakeha (non-Māori) are protected.

It does that by:

Accepting that Māori iwi (tribes) have the right to organize themselves, protect their way of life and to control the resources they own.

Requiring the Government to act reasonably and in good faith towards Māori.

Making the Government responsible for helping to address grievances.

Establishing equality and the principle that all New Zealanders are equal under the law.