3.

1) public schools：Public schools, also known as private schools, are independent from the government and supported by private funds and fees. Parents need to pay for their children's fees to attend these schools. At present, there are about 2,500 public schools in the UK, among which the most famous and prestigious ones are Eton and Winchester. 

5) Red Brick University：It refers to six civic universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the major industrial cities of England, including Victoria University, the University of Liverpool, the University of Manchester, the University of Birmingham, the University of Leeds, the University of Sheffield, and the University of Bristol.

4.

2)what should be placed first in education ,and why?

I think the moral education should be placed first in education . To strengthen the ideological and moral construction is significance to students' development . First , facing the huge social pressure , people have no time to improve their moral level and it leads to a series of social problems . Second , improving the moral cultivation is a long historical tradition and almost all successful people have high moral cultivation from ancient to modern times . Third , We are the future of our country and the hope of our nation. Improving the moral cultivation is helpful for us to set up the correct direction and realize  our dream . In conclusion ,  improving the moral cultivation is not only beneficial to our own development and is more advantageous to the development of society and the state .  

Ireland

Chapter 1   P61

3.

3) Great Frost：Also called "Great Famine". Ireland and the rest of Europe were struck by an extraordinary climatic shock between December 1739 and September 1741, and the winters destroyed stored crops of potatoes and other staples and the poor summers severely damaged harvests, leading to the deaths of an estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population).

Chapter 2   P93

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1)the Celtic Tiger：The 1995 to 2000 period of high economic growth of Ireland was called the “Celtic Tiger”, a reference to the “tiger economics” of East Asia.

In the 1990s, history has been rewritten.

According to statistics, in 2003, Ireland's per capital GDP has reached 136% of the EU average; in 1987, the Irish government debt has topped 136 percent of total GDP, while in 2003 this figure plummeted 33%; the unemployment rate has dropped from 17% in 1987 to 4% in 2003. After a sudden force in the 1990s, the Irish became the second one in the wealthy country in EU's per capital GDP ranking, and created the average annual GDP growth of 7 percent economic miracle in the 1990s.

"Economic upheaval has changed the image of the Irish people in the EU, it is this change called 'Celtic Tiger miracle'.

The USA

Chapter 1   P116

2

1) what are the cause of the American Civil War?

1.Economic and social differences between the North and the South.

2.States versus federal rights

3.The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents

4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.

5.The election of Abraham Lincoln

2) In what ways were the British settlers different from other European colonists?

Among the European invaders of North America, only the English established colonies of agricultural settlers, whose interests in Native Americans was less about trade than about the acquisition of land. That fact would have huge implications in the long struggle for control of North America.

3

4) the Victory at Gettysburg：July 1863, 1 to 7 months 3, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and the surrounding area, as part of the battle of Gettysburg, is the bloodiest in the American Civil War battle fought, are often cited that the turning point of the civil war. George Gordon Meade of the Union Army Major General George Gordon Meade, the rate of the army of the Potomac against the Union army of the Confederate general Robert E. Lee Northern Virginia army offensive, win a decisive victory, the end of the General Lee is the second and last invasion in the northern United States.

5)the Emancipation Proclamation：The Emancipation Proclamation Is published by the American President Abraham Lincoln's declaration , which declared free all slaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federal government. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people. It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control. but in essence, it strengthen the federal army to control the territory of the federal territories after these slaves freedom of authority, the proclamation did show Americans--and the world--that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery and to pave the way for the eventual abolition of the American slave system.

Chapter 2   P127

2.

2)what are the qualifications for a senator and a Representative respectively?

A senator must be over 30 years old,and a resident in the state which they represent,and must have been a U.S. citizen for at least nine years.

A representative must be at least 25 years old and must have been U.S.citizen for no less than seven years.

3.

2)Separation of Powers

To avoid and guard the possibility that one person or group might become too powerful or be able to seize control of the country and create a tyranny,the delegates who drafted the Constitution set up a government consisting of three parts ,or branches:the legislature,the executive,and the judiciary.Each branch has powers that the others do not have and each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by other branches.And the Constitution specified exactly which power the center government had and which power was reserved for the state government.

4.

2) election of American President：The United States to implement the presidential system, the presidential election held every four years. The American presidential election system is complex and the process is long. Election of the main program includes pre selection, the parties held a National Congress to determine that the presidential candidate, candidate for the presidency and national voters elected president "the elector", "the elector" established in the electoral college vote formally elect the president and President elect presidential inauguration in several stages.

Chapter 3   P142

2.

2)what do you know about silicon Valley?

 The Silicon Valley (English: Silicon Valley), is a high-tech enterprise gathered in Santa Clara in California Valley ". Located in the northern part of California, the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay area; usually contains Santa Clara County and Eastern San Francisco Bay area of Fremont. The first is the research and production of silicon based semiconductor chips, so named. Although other high technology areas in the United States and the world are continued to develop and grow, but Silicon Valley is still founder of high-tech innovation and development in and risk investment in the region accounted for one third of the national total investment risk.

3.

2) Wall Street is the name of the borough of Manhattan in New York City South from Broadway Road extends to the east of a street, full-length only a third of a mile, width is only 11 meters, is a transliteration of the English "Wall Street", original intention is "Wall Street". The streets are narrow and short, from Broadway to the East River only 7 street, but in the United States financial center is well known in the world. American zaibatsu Morgan, Rockefeller oil magnate and DuPont financial group to open banking, insurance, shipping, railways and other company managers focus on this. The famous New York stock exchange is also here, is still the headquarters of several major exchanges: such as NASDAQ, the American stock exchange, the New York futures exchange, etc..