2016年考研方剂学笔记(10)

本站小编 免费考研网/2015-06-30


          4、多攻伐易伤正气时常辅以补益之品             8、突然的大量出血 — 益气固脱

血瘀证病因病机    主   要   症   状

离经之血停留
或血液运行受阻壅积    疼痛    如针刺,有定处,夜间更甚
    肿块    疼痛有定处,以腹部最常见
    出血    色紫暗夹血块,便血色黑
    舌脉    舌黯有紫斑、舌下脉络曲张,脉细涩或结、代、无脉
    其他    面色黎黑,肌肤甲错,唇甲青紫
39、血府逐瘀汤《医林改错》                                                                                                            
桃仁 — 破血逐瘀                                 君       主治:胸中血瘀证
红花/赤勺/川芎 — 活血化瘀                                      (头痛胸痛)痛有定处,舌黯红或有瘀斑,脉涩或弦紧
川牛膝 — 活血化瘀,引淤血下行                                 呃逆日久不止,或内热烦闷,或心悸失眠,急躁易怒,入暮潮热,唇暗或两目暗黑
桔梗/枳壳 — 一升一降开宣肺气                              病机:血瘀胸中,气机不畅
柴胡 — 疏肝行气解瘀                                      治法:活血化瘀,行气止痛
当归/生地 — 滋阴养血                                     
甘草 — 调和诸药                                         
40、补阳还五汤《医林改错》                                                                                                            
生黄芪 — 大补元气,使气旺则血行                  君       主治:气虚血瘀之中风
当归尾 — 活血养血,使活血不伤血                               舌淡苔白,脉缓无力,甚至小便失禁
桃仁/红花/赤勺/川芎 — 活血化瘀                                 半身不遂,口眼呙斜,语言謇涩,口角流涎,小便频数或遗尿不禁
地龙 — 活血通络                                           病机:元气亏虚,瘀血内阻,筋脉失养
功效:                                                     治法:补气,活血,通络
41、温经汤《金匮要略》                                                                                                “调经的祖方”  
吴茱萸/桂枝 — 温经散寒,通利血脉                  君       主治:冲任虚寒,瘀血内阻证
当归/白芍/阿胶/麦冬 — 滋阴养血                                  月经不调,而经来有块,色紫而淡,小腹冷痛,脉迟而细或女子不孕证
川芎/丹皮 — 活血化瘀                                           漏下日久或通经,唇口干燥,傍晚发热,手心烦热
人参/甘草 — 益气健脾                                       病机:冲任虚寒,瘀血内阻
半夏/生姜 — 和胃运脾,使补而不滞                           治法:温经散寒,活血养血
42、生化汤《傅青主女科》                                                                                                            
当归 — 养血活血,祛瘀生新,温经散寒               君      主治:产后瘀血腹痛     
桃仁/川芎 — 活血化瘀                                          产后恶露不行,小腹冷痛,脉迟细或弦     
炮姜 — 温经散寒止痛                                       病机:血虚寒凝,瘀血内阻     
黄酒 — 温通血脉                                           治法:祛瘀生新,温经散寒 (养血)     
童子便 — 化瘀血,引败血下行                         
炙甘草 — 缓急止痛,调和诸药                   
43、小蓟饮子《玉机微义》                                                                                                           

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