[B] both industries in India are still lacking core technology

[C] drug-making is marginalized in India

[D] the two industries have a similar operation in India

2. According to the third paragraph, the idea maintained by countries like China and India is _____.

[A] to do the best they could

[B] to solve the technological problems to the best of their ability

[C] to go beyond the limits of technology

[D] to do what they have to

3. India has ceded the right to free-ride foreign advances because _____.

[A] it wants to push back the limits of technology

[B] it is in accordance with TRIPS

[C] it wants to inspire Indians to making innovation

[D] it wants to protect the inventions by the foreigners

4. From the data of the sixth paragraph, it can be inferred that _____.

[A] the tougher laws were not successful since it failed to raise Indians' enthusiasm for patents

[B] Indians were not so inventive as the foreign counterparts measured by patent application

[C] Indians' inventions were negligible because most firms were funded by the government and thus lacked incentive

[D] Indians were still left behind in inventions even under the system that encouraged patenting

5. Towards the future of the new regime, the author's attitude can be said to be _____.

[A] pessimistic

[B] optimistic

[C] dubious

[D] objective





文章剖析


这篇文章介绍了印度在技术发明创造方面的情况。第一段和第二段讲述印度在科技的核心发明方面的特点；第三段讲述印度在该方面实施策略的逻辑；第四段讲述印度为改变发明专利方面的现状采取的一些措施；第五段讲述严格的法律并没有明显的效果；第六段讲述印度在发明专利方面还很落后；第七段讲述采取这种措施的弊端。





词汇注释


nanometre n. 毫微米

heft n. 影响

laggard n. 落后者

cede vt. （被迫）放弃

free-ride vt. 不付出正常努力就能得到





难句突破


① Although China and India could devote their considerable intellectual resources to solving the problems faced by economies on the technological frontier, why cross that bridge until you reach it?

主体句式：Although China and India could..., why cross...

结构分析：这是一个带有让步状语从句的复合句，在从句中，devote... to...是一个固定结构，to为介词，后跟的是动名词；主句是一个特殊疑问句。

句子译文：尽管中国和印度能够投入可观的智力资源来解决在技术前沿遇到的经济问题，那为什么不在碰到问题时再跨越这座桥呢？

② Had Indian firms been prevented from copying fluoroquinolones, for example, the Indian public would have been worse off by the equivalent of $255m a year, reckons a study of the antibiotics market by Shubham Chaudhuri of the World Bank, Pinelopi Goldberg of Yale and Panle Jia of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

主体句式：..., reckons a study...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，Had... $255m a year是reckons的宾语从句，该宾语从句是虚拟语气；a study是句子的主语。

句子译文：比如，根据世界银行的Shubham Chaudhuri、耶鲁大学的Pinelopi Goldberg以及麻省理工大学的Panle Jia所做的一项关于抗生素市场的研究，如果禁止印度公司抄袭氟硅酮的配方，那么印度民众一年可能就要损失2.55亿美元。





题目分析


1. Arvind Atignal draws an analogy between desktops and drugs because _____.

[A] both of them have a similar prospect in China and India

[B] both industries in India are still lacking core tech-nology

[C] drug-making is marginalized in India

[D] the two industries have a similar operation in India

1. Arvind Atignal将电脑和药品做了一个类比，因为 _____。

[A] 它们在中国和印度的前景类似

[B] 它们在印度都缺乏核心技术

[C] 印度的制药业被边缘化了

[D] 这两个产业在印度有相似的运营方式

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。Arvind Atignal供职于临床研究公司，他做这样的类比应该是要说明医药方面的情况。对于电脑来说，键盘和显示器只是外围的设备，核心是芯片。结合上文所说的印度制药业的情况，可以看出他做这样的类比是为了说明印度制药业的核心还不在自己手上，它们做的一些东西都是边缘化的。因此，选项C最为符合题意。至于选项B提到的核心技术，相应的段落没有具体叙述，因此B是干扰选项。

2. According to the third paragraph, the idea maintained by countries like China and India is _____.

[A] to do the best they could

[B] to solve the technological problems to the best of their ability

[C] to go beyond the limits of technology

[D] to do what they have to

2. 根据第三段，类似中国和印度的一些国家持有的观点是 _____。

[A] 要尽自己最大的努力

[B] 尽他们最大的能力来解决技术难题

[C] 竭力超越技术极限

[D] 只做他们必须做的

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第三段主要就是描述此类国家在技术创新方面的观点。他们认为，等到了确实需要的时候再进行研究，目前需要什么就研究什么，不要过于超前追求技术的创新。选项A、B和C正好和这个观点相反，而选项D符合这个观点的意思，是正确答案。

3. India has ceded the right to free-ride foreign advances because _____.

[A] it wants to push back the limits of technology

[B] it is in accordance with TRIPS

[C] it wants to inspire Indians to making innovation

[D] it wants to protect the inventions by the foreigners

3. 印度已经放弃了免费获取国外先进技术的权利，这是因为 _____。

[A] 它想要拓展科技的极限

[B] 这是为了与《贸易相关知识产权》协议保持一致

[C] 它想要激励印度人进行创新

[D] 它想要保护外国人的发明

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第四段讲的是，印度目前采取了一些措施想要改变技术创新的现状。首先提到，印度依据世贸组织的《贸易相关知识产权》协议，放弃了免费获取外国先进技术的权利。可以看出，是这项协定起的作用，因此，答案为选项B，而其他三个选项的内容在第四段中都没有提到。

4. From the data of the sixth paragraph, it can be inferred that _____.

[A] the tougher laws were not successful since it failed to raise Indians' enthusiasm for patents

[B] Indians were not so inventive as the foreign counterparts measured by patent application

[C] Indians' inventions were negligible because most firms were funded by the government and thus lacked incentive

[D] Indians were still left behind in inventions even under the system that encouraged patenting

4. 从第六段的数据可以看出 _____。

[A] 更为严格的法律在激发印度人对于专利的热情方面没有效果

[B] 如果以专利申请的情况来衡量，那么印度人没有外国人善于发明创造

[C] 印度人的发明可以忽略，因为大部分公司都是由政府投资的，因此他们缺乏发明的动力

[D] 即使在鼓励专利申请的系统下，印度人在发明创造方面仍然比较落后

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。从文章第六段中给出的数据可以明显地看出，印度人在发明创造的专利申请方面比起外国人来少之又少，而结合前面谈到的情况，可以得出结论：印度在发明创造方面还远远不如外国人。因此，选项D最为符合。选项A不正确，是因为这些数据可能是该法律实施前的数据。C只是表面的现象，从深层次来讲原因还是印度的发明创造落后。

5. Towards the future of the new regime, the author's attitude can be said to be _____.

[A] pessimistic

[B] optimistic

[C] dubious

[D] objective

5. 对于这个新兴国家的未来，作者的态度是 _____。

[A] 悲观的

[B] 乐观的

[C] 怀疑的

[D] 客观的

答案：A　难度系数：☆

分析：态度题。这篇文章介绍了目前印度为改变技术创新方面的现状所做的一些努力，但从后面的描述中可以看出，这些举措还未成功，而且最后谈到，这样的话，印度损失很大。由此可以看出，作者对这个前景的态度并不乐观，故选项A最为符合。





参考译文


中国制造电脑，但大部分芯片都是进口的；印度制药，但几乎所有的配方都是抄来的；印度还编软件，但最后的成果却很少归他们所有。关于这三个行业的大胆设想都有相似的、空洞的性质。这些行业都很兴盛，但是却要依仗其他国家的技术。“我们还没到英特尔内核那个层面，”临床研究公司Clinigene的Arvind Atignal承认，他将电脑和医药进行了类比。“我们只不过是键盘、显示器和一些外围设备罢了。”

那么这有多大关系呢？中国芯片制造商SMIC的Joseph Xie在英特尔公司工作了七年。他说，英特尔的策略很简单：“先到一个地方，赚大部分钱，让第二个人得点儿零头。”这当然是运营科技公司的一种方法，但是这种竞争是昂贵的，也是耗费精力的。英特尔的几个对手仍在追赶它，尽管是以毫微米的速度。

在影响和抱负方面与中国和印度不相上下的国家都希望能拓展技术的极限，但是这种做法有一定风险、耗费财力且容易落空。一个国家如果不是迫不得已就不应该这样做。尽管中国和印度能够投入可观的智力资源来解决在技术前沿遇到的经济问题，那为什么不在碰到问题时再跨越这座桥呢？要是这样看的话，印度的生物制药商就是典范而不是落后者了。他们只投入了足够的专门技术去开发世界各地的新发现。正是因为他们，印度人才能够享受到世界上最便宜的药物。

根据世界贸易组织的《贸易相关知识产权》协议，印度已经放弃了免费获得国外先进技术的权利。现在，印度给予1995年之后的发明20年的专利保护，希望从紧的法律可以激励印度人探索新发明，也让那些一直对在这个国家进行发明创造充满戒心的外国人安心。

更为从紧的法律还未成功。不过世界银行的Bruce Abramson最近进行的一项研究表达了较高的期望。他说，在这个国家已经出现了“专利风潮”。他甚至曾听说，印度的农民打电话给律师，希望可以为他们得奖的蔬菜申请专利。

但是，这个新兴的国家还没有证实自己的价值。2004年至2005年，印度的专利权申请有17,000多宗，比前一年多了近40%。但是其中只有3,500宗是印度人申请的。在过去的10年里，49家业务最多的专利申请机构中，有44个是外国公司或外国公司的子公司。而这五家印度公司不是政府资助的研究所，就是生物制药公司，它们在《贸易相关知识产权》协议生效前就做得很出色。

如果印度真的要这样做的话，那么它运作起来就太耗费钱财了。但是更大的损失在于印度目前放弃的模仿机会。这种丢失掉的机会可能很多。比如，根据世界银行的Shubham Chaudhuri、耶鲁大学的Pinelopi Goldberg以及麻省理工大学的Panle Jia所做的一项关于抗生素市场的研究，如果禁止印度公司抄袭氟硅酮的配方，那么印度民众一年可能就要损失2.55亿美元。





TEXT THREE


Thousands of writers in Los Angeles and New York went on strike this week, risking their incomes and careers. They want more money for their work when it is used online than Hollywood studios are willing to pay. Because the strike is over matters of principle, not just dollars and cents, it could last for months. The immediate effect was to shut down late-night talk shows, including Late Show with David Letterman and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. If the last writers' strike, in 1988, is any guide, the talk shows will stay silent for a couple of months before going back on air without scripts. Soaps will be next to go, in a week or two; then prime-time dramas, a few weeks later. Some say the film business is safe, because studios have stockpiled scripts. But scripts often need tweaking by writers at the last minute.

Media companies argue that the market has become increasingly competitive and uncertain for many reasons, including Internet piracy and tumbling box-office receipts. They want to cut writers' income from “residuals”, which are payments made when a TV show is re-used. The writers are determined not to repeat the mistake they made in 1985, when they listened to the studios' plea that home video was an unproven new market and agreed to a residual payment of 0.3%, which translates into about four cents for each sale of a DVD—or one-tenth of what DVD-box manufacturers get. The writers now want a residual payment of 2.5% for re-use of material online and on mobile phones.

The studios say that Internet delivery is the same as home video, so the old rate still applies. And they refuse to pay anything to writers when content is streamed over the Internet free to viewers, supported by ads, because this is merely “promotion”. Both sides made last-minute concessions on traditional-media payments. But because new-media rights are so critical to the future earnings of writers and studios, neither was willing to compromise.

Who will suffer the most? “The strike won't affect most studios unless the writers stay out three to five months,” says a senior executive at a media conglomerate. Because writers on reality and animation programmes are not unionised, the networks will be able to switch to other forms of programming; sport will fill the gaps, too. But Moody's, a credit-rating agency, reckons that a strike lasting into late 2008 would have a serious financial impact. Broadcast networks and premium-cable channels would be hurt most, because they rely most on first-run scripted shows.

Some writers, of course, are wealthy. “I'm walking the picket line with some guys who are worth millions,” says Lou DiMaggio, a reality- and game-show writer who won an Emmy award for Win Ben Stein's Money. But the vast majority of writers, he says, earn about $50,000-75,000 a year. Mr. DiMaggio says he backed out of buying a house because of the strike; junior writers may have to go back to waiting tables. Luckily for Hollywood, however, most scribes are too devoted to their calling to be put off. Gary Goldman, a writer picketing outside Fox Studios who has worked on science-fiction thrillers such as Minority Report, says that many writers will spend their free time working on screenplays that they hope to sell to the studios on spec.

1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the strike?

[A] The mere aim of this strike is to increase writers' income in general.

[B] The strike is mainly relevant to the issue of scripts used on TV show and primary dramas.

[C] The strike will be effective only if it lasts for a long time.

[D] Whether the film industry will be affected by the strike or not is open to question.

2. The writers made a mistake in the strike of 1985 because _____.

[A] the studios' offer of payment increase was satisfactory

[B] they readily believed the studios' excuse out of a false judgment

[C] the union failed to unite the majority of the writers

[D] the market prospect of home videos was not so competitive and uncertain

3. Finally the writers and the studios made a compromise on _____.

[A] the TV show payments

[B] the payments of the online drama shows

[C] the payments of the mobile phone shows

[D] the payments of Internet shows

4. The word “unionised” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means _____.

[A] united

[B]organized

[C] established

[D] arranged

5. The screenplays are written by the writers in their free time will be sold to the studios _____.

[A] on a special offer

[B] with no guarantee of profit

[C] on special occasions

[D] as a speculation





文章剖析


这篇文章介绍了目前美国编剧罢工的一些情况。第一段讲述罢工可能带来的后果；第二段讲述罢工的编剧们所提出的要求；第三段讲述编剧们和制片商目前达成的协议；第四段讲述制片商可能会受到的损失；第五段讲述编剧们可能会受到的损失。





词汇注释


script n. 剧本

tweak vt. 调整

residual n. 电视片每次重映时给演员/作者的报酬





难句突破


① The writers are determined not to repeat the mistake they made in 1985, when they listened to the studios' plea that home video was an unproven new market and agreed to a residual payment of 0.3%, which translates into about four cents for each sale of a DVD—or one-tenth of what DVD-box manufacturers get.

主体句式：The writers are determined not to repeat...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，宾语the mistake后面跟着一个定语从句，该从句中的时间状语in 1985后跟着一个由when引导的定语从句，该定语从句为一个并列结构；在该从句中，a residual payment of 0.3%后面跟着由which引导的非限定性定语从句。

句子译文：而编剧们决心不再犯他们1985年犯过的错误了，当时他们听信了制片商的借口，说家庭录像还是一个未知的新市场，于是同意收取0.3%的重映费，这相当于每卖出一张DVD，他们只能得到4美分，这是DVD制造商所得收入的1/10。

② Gary Goldman, a writer picketing outside Fox Studios who has worked on science-fiction thrillers such as Minority Report, says that many writers will spend their free time working on screenplays that they hope to sell to the studios on spec.

主体句式：Gary Goldman,... says that...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，主语带有一个同位语a writer...，该同位语中有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰a writer；在宾语从句中有一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰screenplays。

句子译文：Gary Goldman是在福克斯影片公司外工作的编剧，他曾经为科幻惊悚电影如《少数派报告》当过编剧，他说许多编剧都会在业余时间里写电影剧本，他们希望可以碰碰运气，看能否出售给制片商。





题目分析


1. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the strike?

[A] The mere aim of this strike is to increase writers' income in general.

[B] The strike is mainly relevant to the issue of scripts used on TV show and primary dramas.

[C] The strike will be effective only if it lasts for a long time.

[D] Whether the film industry will be affected by the strike or not is open to question.

1. 关于这次罢工，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

[A] 这次罢工唯一的目的就是要提高编剧的整体收入。

[B] 这次罢工主要是针对用于电视节目和重点电视剧的剧本。

[C] 这次罢工只有坚持很长时间才能有效。

[D] 这次罢工是否会对电影业产生影响仍然是一个问题。

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。选项A，在第一段有这么一句：这次罢工不仅仅是为了钱，而更重要的是为了一些原则。因此，A不正确。B，从全文可以看出，这次罢工主要是编剧为争取其作品在网上使用时能获得较高的回报，而不是电视上，因此该选项与文章不符。C，根据第四段，罢工只有延续几个月才能对制片商有一定影响，因此该选项符合题意。选项D，第一段最后一句提到，剧本还是需要编剧来做修改的，因此，该选项也不符合题意。正确答案为C。

2. The writers made a mistake in the strike of 1985 because _____.

[A] the studios' offer of payment increase was satisfactory

[B] they readily believed the studios' excuse out of a false judgment

[C] the union failed to unite the majority of the writers

[D] the market prospect of home videos was not so competitive and uncertain

2. 编剧们在1985年的罢工中犯了一个错误，因为 _____。

[A] 制片商提出的工资上涨幅度非常令人满意

[B] 他们由于判断错误而轻信了制片商的借口

[C] 工会没有能够团结大部分编剧