肖克 领航/2006-06-14

  The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

  本段话题:讲Zysmans的不幸经历还在持续。关键词:humiliation,后面是分类论述将不幸的例子,实际也是在说Zysmans的不幸经历被人所忽视。

  1. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?

  [A] A kind of overlooked inequality.

  [B] A type of conspicuous bias. 

  [C] A type of personal prejudice.

  [D] A kind of brand discrimination. 

  2. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? 

  [A] In both East and West, names are essential to success. 

  [B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoě Zysman. 

  [C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.

  [D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. 

  3. The 4th paragraph suggests that 

  [A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students. 

  [B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class. 

  [C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students. 

  [D] students should be seated according to their eyesight. 

  4. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZ Z” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?

  [A] They are getting impatient.

  [B] They are noisily dozing off. 

  [C] They are feeling humiliated.

  [D] They are busy with word puzzles.

  5. Which of the following is true according to the text? 

  [A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often illtreated. 

  [B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. 

  [C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. 

  [D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 

  启发思维:

  注意文章的中心不仅是被同义替换,而且被下文的细节不停解释,话题词是为了中心词服务的,文章的前两段是在讲字母歧视被人们所忽视,第三段是从反面举例证证明很多成功人士的姓名的开头字母都是在字母表的上半区。最后两段是通过讲Zysman的不幸经历来证明姓名开头字母靠后面的人在学校和社会都被歧视。

  答案注释:

  1.[答案][A] 

  [分析]这是一道例证题,涉及作者提及AAAA和Zodiac公司的意图,意图在 第一 段。例证题是通过论据来证明论点,所以不能选择论据本身的内容,论点通常在论据的上方,因为论据在第二段的首句,所以论点在第一段的末句。选择时仍然围绕中心词“歧视”和“忽视”来选择。

  理解第一段后可知A项(是为了阐述一种被忽视的不平等现象)为正确答案 。 

  2.[答案][D] 

  [分析] 这是一道推论题。综合前三段,可以认为:有些歧视现象令人难以察觉。D项符合此意,为正确答案。 注意的too subtle to recoginze 表示否定,是说难以认识到,最接近文章的中心“忽视”,而意思是名字对成功必不可少,过于绝对,文章说有些人成功又有好名字,没有说所有人都这样。的意思是顾客重视公司的名字,很显然偏离中心,文章讲的是忽视。

  3.[答案][C] 

  [分析]这是一道推论题,问第四段暗示了什么。第四五六句暗示,老师对学生的歧视不敏感,言外之意是老师应该多关注学生,注意选项情感动词的使用,“should”表示应该做的事情并没有做。[B]学生逃脱上课,文章说了逃脱,但宾语是逃脱被提问,这种错误是逻辑错误,保留了原文的关键词,但在宾语做了手脚。

  4.[答案][B]

  [分析]这是一道句意题。在英文中,ZZZ常被用来描述人打瞌睡时发出的声音,因此,该句句意为B(他们就睡着了)。A是一个干扰性很强的选项,意思与上下文连贯,按一般的句意题设计规律,其实也可接受。选B不选A,跟本篇阅读文章的命题者的命题 习惯有关。 

  5. [答案][D] 


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