二.文章的中心词带动段落话题的理解

　　中心词对话题词往往是支配作用，中心词通常是在首段和每个自然段的首句重复出现。很多题表面看是考细节，但实际上就是在变相的考中心词。所以抓住字里行间重复的中心是检验答案的有效武器。有的文章是单一重复一个中心词，文章是围绕一条主线来写作。但有些文章既谈客观中心词，又谈主观中心词(对客观对象的看法)，这些文章是围绕两条线来写作。所以要注意区分客观中心和主观中心，主观中心往往是作者的看法，客观中心是作者议论的靶子。所以考生应该识别主观中心。 主观中心往往包含作者的情感色彩，比如说“overlook”, "emhasize”, ”opitmistic”, “pessimistic”, “panic”, “objective”, “cautious”等等(比如说“忽视”，“重视”，“乐观”，“悲观”，“恐慌”，“客观”，“谨慎”)

　　Exercise:( 文章的客观中心为字母歧视，主观中心为忽视，也就是被大家忽视的字母歧视，其中五道题都在考这个关键词，选自2004年的考研阅读题第2篇。)

　　Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

　　本段话题：字母歧视(客观)，忽视(主观)(也是文章的中心词) 关键词：alphabetism, unaware

　　It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

　　本段话题：忽视(主观) 关键词： less well known。注释： It has long been known that..指的是大家的观点，作者写文章时标新立异，所以这种句型的观点通常是批判性的，也就是说“A cars 比 Zodiac cars”有优势是批评的。 “suspiciously”意思是不敢相信，也是在讲人们由于对这种现象的忽视而导致的，所以也可以帮助大家理解“忽视”这个词。

　　Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

　　本段话题：成功人士和姓名字母靠前 关键词：richest, surname

　　Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

　　本段话题：老师忽视了字母歧视 关键词：teachers, insensitive=less individual attention,注意否定前缀词是主观情感词。