vignette 装饰图案，小插图11 Think of a recent language test that you either gave or took. Evaluate that test ...

unitary 单一的、统一的、单位的trait （人物个性的）特点、特征unitary trait hypothesis 单一特征假设7 Review the arguments advan ...

the most complex criterion 最复杂的标准By observation and theoretical justification, “There is no final, a ...

a text with content validity is able to identify students\u0027 mastery of certain language fields.K ...

the ielts is practical. the international English language testing system is common and suitable for ...

the International English Language Testing System is practical because it is common and suitable for ...

make sure the language of test is as natural and accurate as possible.确保试题的语言尽可能自然准确。同时，试着给出一些背景知识，以 ...

the difficulty of the test should be in consistence with the students\u0027 level.·The difficulty of ...

face validity 表面效度、fave validity refers to whether the test is effective or not from observing the ...

provide strategies for students on the preparation of the test1. framework2.types of tests3. o ...

give opportunities for students to prantice·Provide opportunities for students to practice the corre ...

play close attention to the best.(3) Pay close attention to the best. Tests need to try as hard as p ...

prescientific 前科学的prevail 盛行、占优势First Period: The “prescientific” period prevailed in the early 19 ...

practicality 实用性、可行性、务实reliability 可靠性、可信度1 Practicality, Reliability and Validity 实用性，信度和效度 ...

hedge 防范措施，防备手段Key: Among American English speakers, girls have been proved to speak more “standard” ...

repertoire 全部剧目、全部曲目classroom implications 课堂暗示4 Hatch contended that in second language learning ...

incomplete 不完全的、不完整的3 Review once again the distinction between the form and the function of languag ...

interlocutor 对话者、谈话者Compensatory strategies can be subdivided into cooperative strategies and non-co ...

in broad sense 从广义上来说notions refer to abstract conceptNotions in broad sense refer to abstract con ...

notional 概念的、纯理论的、空想的syllabus n.教学大纲、课程纲要、课程进度复数：syllabusesⅥ. Notional-Functional Syllabuses（意念功 ...

unrehearsed 未经排演的、未经排练的4 In the communicative classroom, students eventually learn how to produce an ...

fluency 说话流利、做事流畅accuracy 准确度、精确度3 Fluency and accuracy are regarded as complementary principles u ...

olfactory 嗅觉的、味道的(6) Olfactory Dimensions（嗅觉维度） ...

proximity (时间，空间，关系的）亲近、靠近physical proximity 身体之间的距离Physical proximity also has a communicative me ...

an oratorical style is often used to deliver speeches in front of a lager audiences. wording(措辞）shou ...

oratorical 演说的、演说家的、雄辩的oratorical(1) oratorical, or “frozen”（演说体或“冷冻体”） ...

culture-oriented 以文化为导向的turn-taking is based on culture-oriented rules.Turn-taking is another cult ...

manner 方式原则make your discourse is clear(4) manner: Make contribution that is clear. ...

relevance 关系原则、相关性原则(3) relevance: Say things that are relevant to the topic under discussion; ...

quantity 数量准则to control the quantity of discourse that you say(1) quantity: Make your contribution ...

dominate 统治、支配、在...中占支配地位the function of conversational maxims is to enable speakers to dominate t ...

personal function 个人功能personal function refers to the ability of language of feelings\\emotions5 T ...

compensate 弥补the strategic competence refers to the ability that compensate for their poor languag ...

strategic competence 策略能力(4) The fourth subcategory is strategic competence, which is very complicat ...

sociolinguistic 社会语言学的sociolinguistic competence 社会语言能力sociolinguistic competence refets to the ...

Cummins卡敏斯、distinguish v.看出、认清、区别、区分Cummins distinguishes between cognitive/academic language prof ...

Hymes 海姆斯 demonstrate the definition of communicative competence.Dell Hymes put forward the term “ ...

register v.登记、注册 n. 登记表、注册簿5 Registers ...

topic shifting 话题转移topic avoidance 话题回避3 Topic shifting and avoidance ...

maxims 格言、箴言conversational maxims 会话准则1 Conversational “maxims” ...

cessation 停止、中止、休止Key: Somewhere in the L2 learning process, such an IL may reach one or more tempor ...

overt 公开的、明显的、不隐瞒的covert 隐蔽的、秘密的8 What did Corder mean by overt and covert errors? Why is the term ...

blunder 愚蠢的错误、疏忽 v.跌跌撞撞的走、摸索Key: Researchers and instructors of second languages quick ...

according to CAH, the main obstacle to the acquisition of the second language is the interference be ...

concurrent 并存的、同时发生的1 Why do you think the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis received such widespread ...

to treat or to ignore 纠正还是忽略(1)To treat or to ignore ...

optimum adj.最优的、最适宜的 最佳条件、最适宜水平cognitive feedback 认知反馈The most important c ...

error correction 错误纠正1 Error correction（维吉尔-欧勒错误纠正） ...

summary: mistake is a kind of performance fault caused by random behavior.error is a perceptible ...

perceptible 可察觉的、可感知的deviation 偏离、偏差deviation from 与...有偏差An error is a perceptible deviation fr ...

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