下面再举一例：
All that we really need to plot out the future of our Universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we don’t know about the way the Universe is put together. We do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it.
Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard. All of the Switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some Switches we can see, others we can’t. There is no ambiguity if We can see the setting of a switch： we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches，however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events.
When we think about the future of the universe. We can see our "track" many bil1ions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road to follow.
Questions：
1. Why is it difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe?
2. What does the author comment on the function of the universe’s unseen "Switches"?
3. What can we see when we think about the future of the universe?
4. Whom is the author probably Writing this passage to?
5. For what reason does the author write this article?
答案与讲解：
1. Because we are not sure how the universe is put together. 文章第一段第二句说：这不意味着我们可以坐在家里完全有把握勾画出宇宙未来的走向。接着第三句回答了第二句的原因：因为对宇宙的形成(put together)仍然知之甚少。
2. They determine which course the universe will take in the future. 文章第二段最后一句话说. 看不见的"控制钮"是未来真正的决择点. 当我们到达这些决择点时. 出现的情况将决定未来的整个前景的进程。
3. We can see our path many billion years into the future. 文章最后一段第一句话的主句就是本题的答案。
4. To the people in general. 根据全文所传达的意思来看, 本文不是针对某些具体范畴的人而写的. 而是针对大众而写的。
5. By an analogy. 纵观全文, 作者采用了"类比"(analogy)的修辞手法来进行描写。即把对未来
宇宙的探索的未知成分比作调车场的转辙器, 有的可以看到, 有的不能看到。
练习：
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. K1eitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you 1abor through your work you may say that you are "hot". That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it 1eads to such familiar monologues as：Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature and energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle? But you can learn to make your 1ife fit it better. Habit can help, Dr.C1eitman believes. Maybe you are sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up 1ate any way.
Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you will get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a 1eisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by 1aying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
Questions：
1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, what is the most possible reason?
2. What is the reason leading to family quarrel?
3. What should one do if he wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning?
4. Why should you rise with a yawn and stretch?
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
答案与讲解：
1. He is at his peak in the afternoon or evening. 根据文章第二段的叙述, 任何人每天都有一个体温周期。如果你感到精力最充沛时, 就表示你的体温处于周期的高峰。有些人的高峰在上午, 有些人的在下午, 早上难于起床的人, 很可能他的周期高峰在下午。本段倒数第二句就是本题的答案。
2. unawareness of energy cycles. 第二段最后一句说, 如果夫妻双方弄清楚了能量周期的道理, 吵架也就结束了。所以吵架的原因也就是不懂得人的能量循环周期。
3. He should get up earlier than usual. 文章第三段倒数第二句说, 假如你上午的能量周期处于低谷, 而你在上午又有一件紧要的工作要做, 那你就应该比平常早起床。这就是本题的答案。
4. It will help keep my energy for the day’s work. 文章第四段一、二句说, 动作慢一些起床, 可以节省体能, 起床时打打呵欠, 伸展肢体。这些都可以使你保持精力, 投入工作.
5. Man’s energy cycle and himself-adjustment. 全文的大意是说, 人人都有一个能量代谢周期, 其周期有高峰和低谷, 高峰期精力充沛, 低谷期精力减弱。但人们可以进行自我调节, 变低谷为高峰, 使其更好地投入工作。
英语四六级考试简答问题题型解析(2)
网络资源 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-09
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