简短回答题(Short Answer Questions)在全国四、六级英语考试中属新题型,这种新题型已从1997年元月起在全国四、六级考试中陆续使用。在四、六级考试卷面上, "简短回答"题部分紧接在"阅读理解"部分之后。位于Paper Two上, 和写作(Writing)并列为两道大题, 每次考试为三百字左右的文章, 文章类型的难易度与阅读理解部分的类似。文章后面有五个问答题或不完整的句子, 要求考生在阅读文章以后用简短的英文句子、单词或短语, 来回答所提出的问题或完成不完整的句子。考试时间为15分钟, 分值为15分, 与写作部分并重。可见, 简短问答题做得好与坏、优与劣, 直接关系到整个卷面的得分。
一. 题型的目的和宗旨
简答题是主观题的一种类型。这种题型不仅可以检验学生对文章的理解, 同时还可以测试学生对英语的基本语法知识的掌握程度, 对语言文字的表达、驾驭能力, 是一种极好的能够体现学生综合素质的题型。
二. 答题要求和评分标准
简答题要求考生在读懂文章的前提下, 用正确、简短的语言回答问题。这就要求考生回答问题时要注重"正确、简短"这四个字的含义。
首先, "正确"体现在两个方面：
1. 回答的内容必须正确：考生所运用的表达方式可以多种多样, 各不相同, 但必须遵循一个原则, 那就是必须回答得正确, 要准确到位, 不能问东答西, 牛头不对马嘴。
2. 语言的表达形式必须正确：要用合乎语法规范的语言表达清楚。语言出现错误时便会扣分。当然简答题的宗旨是注重内容而不太注重形式, 所以即便考生表达出现多种语言错误, 都只扣掉0. 5分。
其次, "简短"是很重要的标准。考生回答问题时, 要言简意赅, 切忌罗嗦。因此如果考生回答问题时出现无关的内容时, 便要扣除0. 5分, 而且如果答案中有相互矛盾的内容时, 则内容矛盾的部分均不得分。
三. 答题技巧
根据以上的答题宗旨和要求, 我们在做这种题目时, 就必须要注意一些答题技巧。一般来讲, 作简短问答题应遵循以下几个步骤来进行：
1. 阅读要有的放矢。可先用一分钟左右的时间, 来大致了解一下文章后面提出的问题及其所问的内容, 做到阅读文章时心中有数, 带着问题去阅读。这样做最大的优点是避免了阅读中的盲目性,既节约了阅读时间, 又提高了阅读效率, 同时也就把握住了回答问题的准确度。
2. 然后, 用五分钟左右的时间来仔细阅读文章, 阅读速度一般为每分钟60个单词, 不宜过快过急, 否则就要影响理解效果, 欲速则不达。阅读时凭借脑中对各题所问内容的印象, 捕捉与问题有关的信息词。在原文和问题有关短语、句子上做相应的标记。以便做题时查找。
3. 原则上, 读一遍原文即可答题, 一般难度的问题到此即可获得圆满答案。如果有的问题较难, 难以立刻找到答案, 可有选择地再仔细阅读原文中与该题有关的内容。切忌考生凭自己的主观臆断来答题。
4. 答题时尽量使用自己的语言, 不要过多地照抄文中的语句。答案要简洁、扼要, 书写要工整清晰, 争取以最简单易懂的词句来说明问题。
5. 答案一定要写在该题所要求写的地方, 以避答非所问之嫌, 而影响得分。
三. 答题技巧
根据以上的答题宗旨和要求, 我们在做这种题目时, 就必须要注意一些答题技巧, 为了能够直观地阐述清楚, 我们选取一篇文章为例：
In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour ) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h.. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h.. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drove at whatever speeds they liked. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian (行路人) crossings.
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain, offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise (同样的), when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA. Questions:
1. During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits? From 1930 to 1935. / Between 1930 and 1935.
2. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions? Driving tests and pedestrian crossings.
3. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he_____. Drivers too fast ./ exceeds the speed limit.
4. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws? Speed limits reduce accidents.
5. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents? The increase in traffic density
1. 越简单明了越好
一般来说, 这种题型得分高的往往都是那些表达非常简短的考生。要学会抓住关键字词, 问什么答什么, 不要有任何多余的、拖泥带水的废话, 这样不仅做到了简洁, 同时也避免了写长句容易出现语言错误的毛博
2. 避免机械地整句照搬、要灵活变动。
考生如果原封不动地照搬一句扣0. 5分, 照搬两句以及两句以上扣2分, 因此即便是肯定原文中的某句就是正确答案, 也不要完整地抄下来, 而应做些变动。
英语四六级考试简答问题题型解析
网络资源 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-09
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