Passage Four

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

　　In the final years before the beginning of the Civil War, the view that the Negro was

　　different, even inferior, was widely held in the United States. At Peoria, Illinois, in October 1854,

　　Abraham Lincoln asked what stand the opponents of slavery should take regarding Negroes.

　　"Free them, and make them politically and socially our equals? My own feelings will not admit

　　of this; and if mine would, we well know that those of the great mass, of white people will not.

　　Whether this feeling accords with justice and sound judgement, is not the sole question, if indeed,

　　it is any part of it. A universal feeling, whether well or ill founded, cannot be safely disregarded.

　　We cannot, then, make them equals."

　　The Lincoln statement was clear and direct, and it doubtless represented the views of most

　　Americans in the 1850' s. Most of those who heard him or read his speech were of the same

　　opinion as he. In later years, the Peoria speech would be used by those who taught to damage

　　Lincoln' s reputation as a champion of the rights of the Negro. In 1964, the White Citizens'

　　Councils reprinted portions of the speech in large advertisements in the daily press and insisted

　　that Lincoln shared their views on the desirability of maintaining two distinct worlds of race.

　　Lincoln could not have overcome the nation's strong inclination toward racial separation if

　　he had tried. And he did not try very hard. When he set about forming Negro troops later, he

　　was content not only to set Negroes apart in a unit called "U. S. Colored Troops, "but also to

　　have Negro privates(列兵) receive $10 per month including clothing, while whites of the same

　　rank received $13 per month plus clothing. Only the firm refusal of many Negro troops to accept

　　unequal pay finally forced Congress to equalize compensation, for white and Negro soldiers.

　　The fight for union that became also a fight for freedom never became a fight for equality or for

　　the creation of one racial world.

　　36. In 1854, Abraham Lincoln believed that

　　A) it was practical to give equal rights to Negroes

　　B) Negroes should have equal rights

　　C) racial equality for Negroes was impossible

　　D) most white people would oppose giving freedom to Negroes

　　37. In the 1850' s, the nation's inclination toward racial separation was

　　A) disregarded by Congress             B) challenged by Lincoln

　　C) too strong to overcome               D) based on round judgement

　　38. In 1964, the White Citizens' Councils reprinted the Peoria speech in order to

　　A) damage Lincoln's reputation

　　B) defend their own viewpoints

　　C) criticize Lincoln's views on racial equality

　　D) defend Lincoln's reputation

　　39. From the passage, we can conclude that Lincoln

　　A) helped Negroes fight for freedom only

　　B) gave Negroes equal pay

　　C) treated white and Negro soldiers equally

　　D) helped to create one racial world

　　40. The purpose of the Civil War was

　　A) to establish equality of all people      B) to maintain the union of the country

　　C) to do away with racial separation     D) to end racial in justice

　　Part III             Vocabulary and Structure        ( 20 minutes)

　　41. Susan stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her side, heels slightly

　　raised, every muscle    __ action.

　　A) anticipating                         B) to anticipate

　　C) anticipated                          D) having anticipated