英语三级复习指导:高分语法(6)
考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06
= If the letter had been sent out, it would have ruined our friendship.
三、对将来事实的虚拟
基本形式:If + should do…, …would /could /should /might + do; 意思类似
汉语
中的“万一”
例如:If he should forget the date, I might teach him a good lesson.
(事实上:他不大可能忘记那个日期)
If it should snow this afternoon, we could make a snowman.
(事实上不大可能会下雪)
此种虚拟可倒装,如:
Should my car fail, I would have to return home on foot.
= If my car should fail, I would have to return home on foot.
注意1:部分动词的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气,形式为should do, 其中should常被
省略
。
此类动词有:insist, demand, suggest, propose, order, require, decide,
ask, r
equest等.
例句: We all insist that we (should) not rest until we finish the work.
The professor suggests that the students (should) collect
enough mate
rials before they work on this project.
上面的动词如果以名词形式出现时,后面的that从句仍然要采用虚拟语气
He gives me the suggestion that I (should) eat breakfast every
moning.
注意2:在一些惯用语之后经常需要用虚拟,来表示与事实相反或者难以实现的事
情
这类习语有: as if , as though, but for, otherwise, without, wish, if
only等
例句: But for your help, I would not have arrived here in time.
(如果没有你的帮助,我就不能准时到达)
Without your help, I would not arrive here in time.
注意3:在下列形容词引导的that从句中必须要用虚拟语气(should) do,但是由于
shou
ld经常被省略,所以实际上用的就是动词原形。
这类形容词有: It is important/ necessary/ proper/ imperative/ essential/
adv
isable等 + that
例句:It is necessary that he (should) realize his situation.
一致原则
一致原则贯穿英语语法,在前面各个章节中已有涉及,本章作为对前面的补充,集
中讲
TOEFL题中常考的问题
第一节 主谓一致
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在数上要保持一致. 在英语除了时态的变化外,名词、
动词
的数也有差别,这就要求主语(以名词为代表)和谓语(包括助动词)在数上要一
致
如:
1. 在名词+of+名词这种结构中, 前一个名词是整个短语的中心词, 当该短语作主
语时,
一般以of之前名词的数为依据确定谓语的数.
one of 之后需接复数名词,但one of+名词作主语时中心词是one,故谓语应用单
数
One of my students wins the game.
2. 由and连接的多个名词作主语,谓语动词应用复数
Career and love are important to me.
Jim, John and Mary are playing football.
但是如果用and连接起来表示单一的概念时,谓语动词要用单数
The famous singer and actress, Whitney Huston is coming to the ceremony.
(在这里, singer和actress指得是同一人, 都是Whitney Huston)
3. 不可数名词,尤其是抽象名词(relation, authority, necessity, power,
democr
