We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure. Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated. Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results. Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated. Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time; the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping; the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational; the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly; and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant. Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oilfield. Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002. A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways. A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation. An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed. The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million. All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.

我们高度重视资源节约和环境保护。“十一五”规划纲要把节能和减排作为约束性目标。近两年，又提出并实施节能减排综合性工作方案，建立节能减排指标体系、监测体系、考核体系和目标责任制，颁布了应对气候变化国家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生产能力，关停小火电2157万千瓦、小煤矿1.12万处，淘汰落后炼铁产能4659万吨、炼钢产能3747万吨、水泥产能8700万吨。启动十大重点节能工程。燃煤电厂脱硫工程取得突破性进展。中央政府投资支持重点流域水污染防治项目691个。继续推进天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等生态建设，五年累计退耕还林、植树造林3191万公顷，退牧还草3460万公顷。加强土地和水资源保护，五年整理复垦开发补充耕地152.6万公顷。经过各方面努力，节能减排取得积极进展，2007年单位国内生产总值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量近年来首次出现双下降，比上年分别下降3.14％和4.66％。节约资源和保护环境从认识到实践都发生了重要转变。

We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment. Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development. In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced; a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place; and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated. A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law. They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons. Ten major energy-saving projects were launched. Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants. The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys. Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin. During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares. Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years. Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions. In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year. People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.

我们实施区域发展总体战略。西部大开发继续推进，五年中央财政支持重点建设投资2800多亿元，基础设施和生态环境建设取得明显进展，重点地区和特色优势产业加快发展。制定和实施振兴东北地区等老工业基地战略，大型粮食基地建设不断加强，国有企业改革改组改造取得突破性进展，重大技术装备国产化成效显著，资源型城市经济转型试点进展顺利，老工业基地焕发出新的生机和活力。制定和实施促进中部地区崛起政策措施，粮食主产区现代农业建设步伐加快，重要能源原材料工业、装备制造业和综合交通运输体系进一步发展。东部地区继续率先发展，经济实力和整体素质显著提升。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区开发开放加快推进。这些重大举措，促进了区域经济合理布局和协调发展。

We followed a master strategy for regional development. Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years. Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated. We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation. The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality. We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas. Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed. The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement. The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated. These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.