14. A little under a million years ago, the briny waters of the Baltic Sea began flooding into the cold North Atlantic: geologists are still debating whether the flood was gradual or created a cataclysm.

　　(A) whether the flood was gradual or created a cataclysm

　　(B) if the flood was gradual or created a cataclysm

　　(C) about whether the flood was gradual or cataclysmic

　　(D) whether the flood was gradual or cataclysmic

　　(E) whether the flood was gradual or it created a cataclysm

　　15. Since 1975 the number of women in upper-level management in American corporations have increased by 25 percent; female executives' salaries, however, still lag behind those of their male counterparts.

　　(A) have increased by 25 percent; female executives' salaries, however, still lag

　　(B) has increased by 25 percent, however much their salaries lag

　　(C) have increased 25 percent; female executives' salaries, however, still have lagged

　　(D) has increased by 25 percent; female executives' salaries, however, still lag

　　(E) have increased 25 percent; their salaries, however, still lag

　　16. Adult survivors of child abuse traditionally have had little or no chance that they could get their symptoms recognized and treated.

　　(A) that they could get their symptoms recognized and treated

　　(B) to recognize and treat their symptoms

　　(C) of getting their symptoms recognized and treated

　　(D) of recognizing and treating symptoms

　　(E) of getting his or her symptoms recognized and treated

　　17. Erasmus Montanus, a seventeenth-century farce written by Ludwig Holberg, both predates and resembles Moliere's Tartuffe and is therefore thought to be one of Moliere's sources.

　　(A) both predates and resembles

　　(B) it both predates and resembles

　　(C) both predated and resembles

　　(D) has both predated and resembled

　　(E) because it both predated and resembled

　　18. To maintain a high demand for their product, the manufacturers first took over the marketing and sales functions previously performed by outside agents; next, they began changing their advertising campaigns monthly to keep pace with the rapid changes in consumers' lives.

　　(A) they began changing

　　(B) this began changing

　　(C) the former began changing

　　(D) to begin changing

　　(E) to change

　　19. The last "wild" Indian in North America, according to anthropologist Alfred Kroeber, was the lone survivor of California's lost Yahi tribe, which staggered out of the mountains near Lassen Peak in 1912, deep in mourning for the last of his companions, expecting to be butchered and eaten by white ranchers.

　　(A) which

　　(B) who

　　(C) that

　　(D) the survivor having

　　(E) having