of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts.The

　　first Black-operated banks were created in the late nine-

　　teenth century as depositories for dues collected from

　　fraternal or lodge groups， which themselves had sprung

　　（55） from Black churches. Black banks made limited invest-

　　ments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in

　　American cities organized many building and loan asso-

　　ciations to provide capital for home construction and

　　purchase. They， in turn， provided work for many Irish

　　（60） home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and

　　minority groups followed similar practices in founding

　　ethnic-directed financial institutions.

　　1. Based on the information in the passage， it would be

　　LEAST likely for which of the following persons to be

　　part of a self-help network？

　　（A） The entrepreneur's childhood friend

　　（B） The entrepreneur's aunt

　　（C） The entrepreneur's religious leader

　　（D） The entrepreneur's neighbor

　　（E） The entrepreneur's banker

　　2. Which of the following illustrates the working of a self-

　　help support network， as such networks are described

　　in the passage？

　　（A） A public high school offers courses in book-keeping

　　and accounting as part of its open-enrollment adult

　　education program.

　　（B） The local government in a small city sets up a

　　program that helps teen-agers find summer jobs.

　　（C） A major commercial bank offers low-interest loans

　　to experienced individuals who hope to establish

　　their own businesses.

　　（D） A neighborhood-based fraternal organization

　　develops a program of on-the-job training for its

　　members and their friends.

　　（E） A community college offers country residents

　　training programs that can lead to certification in a

　　variety of technical trades.