As a consequence of the above, Section 110(5) of the United States Copyright Act appears to be inconsistent with the United States' obligations under the TRIPS Agreement, including, but not limited to, Article 9(1) of the TRIPS Agreement.
综上，美国版权法110节第5段与美国在包括《TRIPS协定》第9.1条但不限于9.1条下所承诺的义务不符。
美国观点
Argument from the US side
The United States contends that Section 110(5) of the US Copyright Act is fully consistent with its obligations under the TRIPS Agreement. The Agreement, incorporating the substantive provisions of the Berne Convention (1971), allows Members to place minor limitations on the exclusive rights of copyright owners. Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement (Article 13: Members shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder) provides the standard by which to judge the appropriateness of such limitations or exceptions. The exemptions embodied in Section 110(5) fall within the Article 13 standard.
美国主张，其版权法110节第5段完全与其在《TRIPS协定》下所承诺的义务相符。该协定融合了《伯尔尼公约》中的实体条款，允许成员对版权持有人的权利进行稍微的(minor)的限制。《TRIPS协定》第13条提供了判断限制或例外适用性的标准（第13条：各成员对专有做出的任何限制或例外规定仅限于某些特殊情况，且与作品的正常利用不相冲突，也不得无理损害权利持有人的合法权益）。在美国版权法110节第5段中含有的例外符合《TRIPS协定》第13条的标准。
判决Ruling
Since both sides believed that they were on the right side and made no compromise, they finally resorted to the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO (DSB). In this connection, the WTO established a panel, which took a long time to judge this case and made a provisional ruling. Next is the provisional ruling.
由于两方都认为自己是对的，不愿意妥协，他们最终求助于WTO的争端解决机构。对此，WTO成立了一个委员会，历时很久，做出了临时判定。下面是结果：
The WTO disputes procedure found in favor of the EU. The US decided to accept the ruling.
WTO争端程序站在欧盟一边。美国决定接受判定。
Let's conclude the briefing of this copyright dispute case by quoting the remark made by the EC Trade Commissioner Pascal Lamy as saying, "(the case and its result) this is a good example of how we can manage our problems in a co-operative manner, while keeping in mind our international obligations and commitments. It will bring a smile to Irish eyes in particular".
最后引用一下欧盟委员会贸易委员帕斯卡尔？拉米在欧盟方得胜后的一番话：（本案极其结果）是一个很好的榜样，展示了我们如何在牢记我们的国际义务和承诺的同时，以一种合作的方式处理我们的问题。该裁定将特别令爱尔兰人喜上眉梢。
IV. TRIPS issues to be discussed in the new round of WTO negotiations
新一轮WTO谈判所涉及的知识产权议题
According to the Ministerial Declaration of the 4th WTO Ministerial Meeting held in Doha, the new multilateral talks on intellectual property rights will mainly focus on public health and the establishment of a multilateral system of notification and registration of geographical indications for wines and spirits, among which, the issue of public health has been given great attention by many developing countries and least-developed countries heavily afflicted with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics, and the developed countries in possession of the patents directly related to the treatment of the above-mentioned epidemics. In this connection, this Ministerial Meeting issued a separate Declaration.
根据在多哈举行的WTO第四届部长会议发表的《部长宣言》，新多边知识产权谈判将主要集中于公众健康议题和建立一个葡萄酒和烈性酒地理标识的多边通报和登记体系。其中，倍受艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾和其它流行病折磨的发展中国家和最不发达国家以及拥有治疗上述流行病方法专利权的发达国家对公众健康议题非常重视。因此，此次部长会议出台了一个有关于此的单独宣言：
DECLARATION ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Adopted on 14 November 2001
与贸易有关的知识产权协定和公众健康宣言
2001年11月14日通过
1. We recognize the gravity of the public health problems afflicting many developing and least-developed countries, especially those resulting from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics.
我们认识到影响许多发展中国家和最不发达国家的，特别是那些缘于艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾和其它流行病的公众健康问题的严重性。
2. We stress the need for the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) to be part of the wider national and international action to address these problems.
我们强调，需要将《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》作为更广泛的旨在解决这些问题的国内和国际行动的组成部分。
3. We recognize that intellectual property protection is important for the development of new medicines. We also recognize the concerns about its effects on prices.
我们认识到知识产权保护对于发展新药的重要性。我们也认识到对于药价所产生效果的关注。
4. We agree that the TRIPS Agreement does not and should not prevent Members from taking measures to protect public health. Accordingly, while reiterating our commitment to the TRIPS Agreement, we affirm that the Agreement can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of WTO Members' right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.
In this connection, we reaffirm the right of WTO Members to use, to the full, the provisions in the TRIPS Agreement, which provide flexibility for this purpose.
我们同意《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》不会也不应当阻止成员采取措施保护公众健康。据此，在重申我们对《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》承诺的同时，我们确认，对于本协定的解释和执行能够也应当支持成员保护公众健康，特别是促进所有成员获得药品准入的权利。
有鉴于此，我们重申WTO成员有百分之一百使用《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中为实现此目的而提供灵活性的条款。
5. Accordingly and in the light of paragraph 4 above, while maintaining our commitments in the TRIPS Agreement, we recognize that these flexibilities include:
据此并考虑到上述第4段，在保持我们在《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中所做承诺的同时，我们认识到这些灵活性包括：
(a) In applying the customary rules of interpretation of public international law, each provision of the TRIPS Agreement shall be read in the light of the object and purpose of the Agreement as expressed, in particular, in its objectives and principles.
在应用解释国际公法的惯例时，《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中的每一条款的解读都应当考虑到协定所表述的对象和目的，特别是其目标和原则。
(b) Each Member has the right to grant compulsory licences and the freedom to determine the grounds upon which such licences are granted.
每一成员都有权准予强制许可并可自由决定准予该强制许可的理由。
(c) Each Member has the right to determine what constitutes a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency, it being understood that public health crises, including those relating to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics, can represent a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency.
每一成员都有权决定什么是全国性的紧急状态或其它极端紧急的情况，成员都知道公众健康危机，包括与艾滋病、肺结核和其它流行病有关的公众健康危机能被视为全国性的紧急状态或其它极端紧急的情况。
(d) The effect of the provisions in the TRIPS Agreement that are relevant to the exhaustion of intellectual property rights is to leave each Member free to establish its own regime for such exhaustion without challenge, subject to the MFN and national treatment provisions of Articles 3 and 4.
《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中与知识产权用尽有关的条款的效果就是让每个成员根据本协定第3条国民待遇和第4条最惠国待遇条款，不受挑战的自由建立关于知识产权用尽的体制。
6. We recognize that WTO Members with insufficient or no manufacturing capacities in the pharmaceutical sector could face difficulties in making effective use of compulsory licensing under the TRIPS Agreement. We instruct the Council for TRIPS to find an expeditious solution to this problem and to report to the General Council before the end of 2002.
我们认识到那些在医药领域没有或没有足够生产能力的WTO成员在有效使用《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中规定的强制许可时，可能遇到困难。我们指示与贸易有关的知识产权理事会迅速找到解决办法，并在2002年底报告总理事会。
7. We reaffirm the commitment of developed-country Members to provide incentives to their enterprises and institutions to promote and encourage technology transfer to least-developed country Members pursuant to Article 66.2. We also agree that the least-developed country Members will not be obliged, with respect to pharmaceutical products, to implement or apply Sections 5 and 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement or to enforce rights provided for under these Sections until 1 January 2016, without prejudice to the right of least-developed country Members to seek other extensions of the transition periods as provided for in Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement. We instruct the Council for TRIPS to take the necessary action to give effect to this pursuant to Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement.
根据第66.2条，我们重申发达国家成员向其本国企业和机构提供优惠措施来促进和鼓励向最不发达国家成员进行技术转让的承诺。我们也同意在医药产品方面，在2016年1月1日前，最不发达国家成员没有义务执行或适用《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第二部分第5、7节或执行这些节规定的权利，并且不侵害最不发达国家成员根据此协定第66.2条寻求延长过渡期的权利。我们指示知识产权总理事会根据此协定第66.2条采取必要行动落实上述内容。
