physical change ；physical circuit ;physical science 
物理变化    实际电路      自然科学    
physical constant; physical contact; physical design
 物理常数   直接接触   机械的结构设计
physical exercise;     physical construction; 
体育活动、体操      机械结构 
physical address
实际地址
 
翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择 Skills of Translation –acceptation selection
 Everything in our physical world is continually changing. 我们的物质世界的一切都在不断地变化着。


 A cutaway view showing the physical relationship of these elements is shown in Fig. 2. 表示这些部件的实际关系的剖视图表示于图2中。


 Relations between physical quantities are usually given in the form of equations. 物理量之间的关系通常用公式表示。


 The job of an engineer is to take knowledge and make physical use of it. 工程师的工作是掌握知识并加以实际的应用。



 
翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择 Skills of Translation –acceptation selection
2）动词与名词的搭配：
一个动词与不同的名词搭配，可能具有不同的词义。一般来说，要根据名词来确定动词的词义。
例：make:做，制造……
make a recording  make readings    make a circuit
录音      取读数   构成电路,接通电路
make a calculation  make n turns   make a change
进行计算     转ｎ圈     改变
make measurements
 进行）测量
 
翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择 Skills of Translation –acceptation selection
 This makes a close circuit. 这就构成了一个闭合电路。


 They often make innovations in old machines and equipment. 他们经常对旧机器和旧设备进行革新。


 Scales can also be used to make calculations. 天平也可用来进行计算。


 When your flashlight stops making enough light, what do you do with it? 当你的手电筒不能发出足够亮的光时，你该怎么办呢？



 
翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择 Skills of Translation –acceptation selection
3) 动词与介词（或副词）的搭配：一个动词与不同的介词（或副词）搭配，就具有不同的词义。因此，可根据动词后面的介词（或副词）来确定该动词短语的词义。
例：turn     转动，旋转……
turn on    turn off     turn up       turn over
打开   关闭   举起，占有，  翻转
turn into     turn over    turn out     turn to
把…转化为 接收    生产  变成，转向
 
翻译的基本方法 – 词义的选择 Skills of Translation –acceptation selection
 Don’t turn off the lamp. 请不要关灯。


 When you turn on the switch, the circuit closes. 当你打开开关时，电路就闭合。


 When heated, water turns into steam. 水受热时变为蒸汽。


 This factory turned out a large horizontal boring mill in 1979. 这家工厂在1979年生产了一种大型卧式镗铣床。


 Please turn to page 5.    请翻到第五页。


 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2
   Weight is the force with which a body is attracted to the earth or another celestial body, equal to the product of the object's mass and the acceleration.
   Particle A particle is a body whose dimensions are so small that they may be neglected.
   Rigid Body All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by force． When the deformation of such bodies is small，they are frequently assumed to be rigid．i.e., incapable of deformation，in order to simplify  the analysis．
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
be attracted to   吸引，有吸引力，引起注意
 Magnetic poles are attracted to their opposites. 正反磁极互相吸引



product 乘积, 产品，产物  
 Most  of this kind of industrial products are sold abroad. 这种工业产品大部分销往国外。



finished products 成品，
product accumulator 乘积累加器，
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
be neglected 忽视，忽略 (ignore , disregard) negligible 微不足道
 The losses due to leakage past the pistons can be neglected ( ignored / disregarded ) since they are negligible.  由活塞漏气造成的损耗可以忽略不计，因为这些损耗是微不足道的



deform  变形  （deformation）
 There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force.    在力的作用下，没有一种材料不或多或少产生一定的变形。



机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2
assume  假定，假设 , 假如（suppose, if）( assumption)
 It is assumed that the gas temperature in the cylinder is constant.  假定气缸中气体的温度不变。


 Suppose / if that “V” is the velocity of the steam, then R is its relative velocity.  假如“V”是蒸气的速度，则“R”就是它的相对速度。



 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2
   Deformable Body the rigid-body assumption cannot be used when internal stresses and strains due to the applied forces are to be analyzed． Thus we consider the body to be capable of deforming．Such analysis is frequently called elastic-body analysis，using the additional assumption that the body remains elastic within the range of the applied forces．
   Newton's Laws Newton's three 1aws are：
   Law 1 If all the forces acting on a particle are balanced，the particle with either remain at rest or will continue to move in a straight line at a uniform velocity．  
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
due to 由于，应归于，因为 （作为复合介词用）
 The metal rod is bended due to the force action. 由于力的作用，金属杆弯曲了。



表示原因的的词或词组还有：
Because (语气最强，表示直接的原因)
since (语气稍弱，表示已知的原因)
as    (语气更弱，表示明显的原因)
In view of / on account of / owing to / seeing that /表示“由于”
起连词作用。上述词或词组引出原因状语从句。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
 Since the compensating jet is larger, it can supply more petrol.  由于补偿喷嘴较大，它能供给较多的汽油。
 



be analyzed 分析，解析
 The main experimental problems are also analyzed with the method of ultra-low-frequency measurements. 用这种超低频测量方法分析了主要的实验问题。



 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
remain  保持, 保留, 剩余  ( retain , keep)
 Permanent magnets are capable of remaining their magnetism indefinitely. 永久磁铁能够永久保留磁性。



balance  平衡，衡量
 The balance of nature is upsetted through the use of insecticides.   由于杀虫剂的使用破坏了自然界的平衡。



 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 2
   Law 2 If the forces acting on a particle are not balanced，the particle will experience an acceleration proportional to the resultant force and in the direction of the resultant force．
   Law 3 When two particles react，a pair of interacting forces come into existence；these forces have the same magnitudes and opposite senses，and they act along the straight line common to the two particles．
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
experience  经历,体验,经验 (n. vt) 
experiment 试验 (n. vi)
 Newton carried out several experiences on light and color. (错)

 Newton carried out several experiments on light and color.(对) 牛顿做过一些关于光和颜色的实验。


 Try some of this perfume, as an experiment. 用点这种香水，作为一种试验吧。


 Try some of this perfume, as an experience. 体验一下这种香水吧。



 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
几种用法：
experience happiness 体验幸福；
suffer a loss 受到损失；
sustained an injury 遭到伤害；tasted freedom 领略自由；
has undergone a religious conversion  经历一次宗教信仰的转变
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning
be proportional to 成比例 
 The linear speed of rotation of a pulley is proportional to its diameter.    皮带轮旋转的线速度和它的直径成正比。



be  directly proportional to 成正比
 The power of an engine is directly proportional to the area of cross-section of the cylinder. 发动机的功率和气缸横断面的面积成正比。



 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之二  Words Learning