Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.
3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?
He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one, that is full of bias.
(2) O Captain! My Captain!
1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?
In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.
2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem?
Life is a journey.
3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad?
They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.

3.Emily Dickinson
(1) To Make a Prairie …
1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?
Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.
2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?
The prairie stays in one's mind.

(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest
1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?
Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.
2. Who are "the purple host"?
The so-called successful people in the world.
3. Who is "he" in the last stanza?
Anyone who is pursuing his success. 

(3) I'm Nobody! 
1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they" in this poem? 
The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.
2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28).
It Implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.
3. What is the theme of this poem?
The real admirable life is a secluded and common one. 
4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons.

Different persons would have different answers to this question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.

Unit 12 Sherwood Anderson The Triumph of the Egg
1.Why did the narrator’s father treasure up the dead deformed chickens?
The reason that narrator’s father treasure up the dead deformed chicken is that his father really took too much energy and time in those chicken, and he regarded these chicken as his dream, future and hope. So when the time he failed in raising a chicken farm, he still wanted to take them by his side.
2.What is narrator's outlook on life?
In this story, the narrator was deeply influenced by his parents where there was a detail in the story “A troop of little girls had gone hopping about singing. I tired that down along the frozen road I want hopping solemnly on one leg” Happily Hope to the Barber shop “I sang shrilly. Then I stopped and looked doubtfully about. I was afraid of being seen in one who, like myself, had been raised on a chicken farm where death was a daily visitor.” The narrator emphasized that he has been raised on a chicken farm where death was daily visitor; his purpose is to tell us his gloomy negative personality.
3. What does the egg come to symbolize by the end of the narrative?
The Triumph of the Egg mainly tells us a story about father's failure of starting a business. The egg in the story can be regarded as the American Dream. By the end of the story, father laid the egg gently on the table instead of destroying it. He decided to close the restaurant for the night. We can easily tell that father decides to give up pursuing the American Dream.
After failing to play tricks before the son of the rich man, he was in anger. However, he then just put down the eggs, wailed like a child and went to sleep after calming down. Father did not want to give up, but he had to. This surrender is not so pathetic to the father much as to the American society. The disillusion of father's dream is due to the process of industrialization. During the process, people are valued by the materials he has, which make people abandon some good qualities they had before. People like father who are honest and sincere are fooled by the society, which is pathetic to America.
What's more, we can understand the sadness when coming back to the precious parts. At the beginning, father was energetic and passionate to breed chickens. He wanted to be rich through his hard work. The American Dream has become a spiritual idealism rooted in every person's heart. The continuous dying of the chicken stands for the failure. The deformed chickens in the farm indicates that father's dream has been twisted. After going through a lot of sufferings, he became ill-mentaled. A group of living chickens in father's car symbolizes that he desires to pursue his dream again. Then, father started his own restaurant. Playing tricks before the guests shows that he wants to be recognized and praised. However, he failed another time. His performance was laughed at by the guest. His desire to perform before the guests to win the concentration and dignity was disillusioned completely. In this way, father chose to give up in the end.