虚拟语气的用法(二)
五. 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。
1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况)
谓语主要形式如下
从 句 | 主 句 |
过去时 | would / could / might / should / +动词原形 |
If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
2.与过去事实相反：
谓语主要形式如下：
从 句 | 主 句 |
Had+过去时 | would / could / might / should / +have +过去分词 |
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If they hadn’t saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
要不是他们救了我们，我们就要在暴风雨的河里淹死了。
If it hadn’t been for him, we could have lost the game.
要不是他，我们这场球就赢了。
3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
谓语主要形式如下
从 句 | 主 句 |
Were to do/ should do | would / could / might / should / +动词原形 |
If it were to rain then, our plan would be cancelled.
***有关状语从句虚拟语气的几个问题***
1) 如果条件从句中包含有 were, had, should, could, 有时可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had could或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it. 如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊！
She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
练习题
1. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
2. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
3. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
4. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.
A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to
5. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
6. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.
A. is to, should B. Were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should
7. We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.
A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost
8. ___, I would take an umbrella with me.
A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you
9. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child ___.
A. would not have been lied there for two hours
B. would not have laid there for two hours
C. would not have lied there for two hours
D. would not have lain there for two hours
10. If it ___ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see
11. Had I known her name, ___.
A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful D. I would have invited her to lunch
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B 7 A 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D
