词汇注释


polio n. 脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症

saturation n. 饱和

zap vt. 遥控

fraud n. 欺诈





难句突破


① With more than 250 million mobile users and 6 million new ones added each month, India now has the “teledensity” to support more sophisticated mobile technologies, which could have a big impact on Indian society and the economy in the next few years.

主体句式：..., India now has... to support...

结构分析：本句包含了一个由which引导的非限定性定语从句，which从句用来修饰前面的technologies；开头的with...是句子的状语。

句子译文：印度有超过2.5亿的移动电话用户，而且每个月还有600万新增用户。现在印度的“电话覆盖”已经可以支持更加复杂的移动技术，这在未来的几年内会对印度的社会、经济都产生巨大的影响。

② New Delhi-based ekgaon technologies has developed a system for tracking transactions made by so-called Self Help Groups, which pool members' money and offer small loans to poor people.

主体句式：New Delhi-based ekgaon technologies has developed...

结构分析：句中which引导的定语从句用来修饰Self Help Groups；主句中的made by...作system的定语。

句子译文：位于新德里的ekgaon技术公司已经研发出了一个系统来跟踪“自助集团”的交易，该公司把会员的资金收集起来，为穷人提供小额贷款。





题目分析


1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the “voice broadcast” services?

[A] The services are oriented to the needs of people in rural area.

[B] The services are based on sophisticated mobile technologies.

[C] The services have great impact on the Indian society.

[D] The services are on the horizon by implementing mobile banking.

1. 关于“语音广播”服务，下列哪个陈述是错误的？

[A] 该服务是针对偏远的农村地区人们的需要而设立的。

[B] 该服务基于复杂的移动技术。

[C] 该服务对印度社会产生了重大影响。

[D] 该服务很快就会通过实行移动电话银行来实现。

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第二段提到了“语音广播”服务，因为提到的都是农村，那么选项A的表述是正确的。选项B，第二段提到了印度目前的电话覆盖已经可以支持更为复杂的移动技术了，而其中一个就是语音广播服务。选项C，文中介绍的该服务只是在农村地区的情况，而不是整个社会那么大的范围，因此C的描述过于广泛，实际情况在文中没有提及。选项D的表述也是正确的，因为文中一直用将来时来谈论这些技术。因此，选项C为正确答案。

2. Global giants like Nokia are turning their focus on the rural areas because _____.

[A] they want to bridge the digital gap between urban and rural areas

[B] people in the rural areas are becoming prosperous and are eager to take advantage of the mobile technology

[C] they have almost exhausted the potential of urban markets

[D] the technologies for services of rural areas are now well developed

2. 像诺基亚这样的全球性大公司将他们的注意力转向了农村地区，因为 _____。

[A] 他们希望可以弥合城乡之间的数字鸿沟

[B] 农村地区的人们变得更加富裕，他们渴望能够利用移动技术

[C] 他们几乎已经完全开发尽了城市市场的潜力

[D] 为农村地区服务的技术现在已经成熟了

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第三段提到：With urban markets nearing saturation, global giants like Nokia are now looking to appeal to the hinterlands. 即随着城市市场趋于饱和，他们才转向农村地区的，这说明城市市场的潜力已经开发得差不多了。所以选项C最符合题意。其他三项显然都不是诺基亚这样的企业的目的。

3. The system developed by A.Little.World. is more secure than the traditional banking because _____.

[A] it adopts the fingerprints as the security data

[B] it uses a voice recognition system

[C] it gives each customer an electronic ID

[D] it uses a biometric recognition system

3. “小世界”研发的系统比传统的银行作业更为安全，因为 _____。

[A] 它使用了指纹作为安全数据

[B] 它使用了语音识别系统

[C] 每个顾客可以取得电子身份

[D] 它使用了生物识别系统

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第四段提到，“小世界”研发的这个系统因为使用了一些生物统计数据，例如指纹，这使电话和智能卡比纸媒银行业务更加安全。那么，选项D最为符合题意。选项A的错误在于，指纹只是其中一个例子，并不是唯一的做法。B不是“小世界”系统的特点。而选项C的表述虽然是“小世界”的 特点，却并不是其安全的直接原因。

4. Mobile banking services have the following advantages except _____.

[A] reducing the cost of transactions

[B] reducing fraud in public service

[C] making the poor's life more convenient

[D] diminishing the function of cash

4. 移动银行服务有除了下面 _____ 外的所有优点。

[A] 降低交易费用

[B] 减少在公共服务中的诈骗行为

[C] 使穷人的生活更为便捷

[D] 取消现金的作用

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。第五段提到了该服务的一些优点，比如可以减少交易费用；穷人的补贴直接打入智能卡，可以直接用智能卡去配给商店买东西；可以减少公共分配体系中的诈骗行为。因此，选项A、B和C都是该服务的优点，只有选项D不是。

5. The passage is mainly about _____.

[A] the use of mobile phone in India

[B] India's mobile technologies

[C] mobile banking services in India

[D] the development of mobile transactions

5. 这篇文章主要是关于 _____。

[A] 移动电话在印度的使用

[B] 印度的移动技术

[C] 印度的移动电话银行服务

[D] 移动交易的发展

答案：C　难度系数：☆

分析：主旨题。这篇文章主要讲述了印度对移动电话服务的探索和创新，谈论的内容一直围绕着mobile banking来进行，因此选项中只有C最为符合题意。选项A、B以及D的表述都过于宽泛，不够确切。





参考译文


移动电话可以改善印度那些地处偏远、服务设施不完善地区人们的生活。他们不再需要步行几公里到公共电话厅打电话了，而电话是他们根据最新的市场信息买卖货物、从银行获取贷款或者从事其他日常活动的最基本工具。迄今，大部分的补贴都是通过电话最简单的功能——语音服务来解决的。

印度有超过2.5亿的移动电话用户，而且每个月还有600万新增用户。现在印度的“电话覆盖”已经可以支持更加复杂的移动技术，这在未来的几年内会对印度的社会、经济都产生巨大的影响。这其中包括“语音广播”服务，卡车主可以通过该服务通知村民们到城里的计划行程；医生们也可以通知脊髓灰质炎疫苗到货；更为复杂的系统可以让小公司跟踪货运情况。而目前这些服务的障碍就在于没有移动电话银行。

随着城市市场趋于饱和，一些国际大公司（如诺基亚）现在对偏远地区产生了兴趣。“信任通讯”自2002年以来就一直通过移动电话来提供因特网服务，它今年还赞助了一个竞赛，鼓励开发商发明新的郊区服务。“我们确实想要利用我们的移动平台、数据网络以及提供移动电话上网服务的经验来弥合数字鸿沟。”应用和开发部经理Mahesh Prasad说道。

几家小公司已经在为小型企业研制移动电话银行了。位于新德里的ekgaon技术公司已经研发出了一个系统来跟踪“自助集团”的交易，该公司把会员的资金收集起来，为穷人提供小额贷款。该系统使用了一种装有照相机的移动电话来扫描图形，还使用了一种语音识别系统。“小世界”是孟买的一家小型移动软件公司，目前已经研制出了一套微型金融和支付系统，可以让顾客通过银行附属的本地代理商来进行银行交易。顾客通过电话或智能卡获得安全的电子身份，代理商收取存款和发放现金。生物统计数据，比如指纹，使电话和智能卡比纸媒银行业务更加安全。“小世界”已经将这类服务扩展到了约四百家作为代理商的本地企业，且目前正在与印度国家银行一起策划一次全国范围的展出，而国家银行是农村市场的最大玩家。同时，拥有CARE、WorldVision和世界银行这些合作伙伴的ekgaon拥有可以为一万家“自助集团”服务的交易管理系统，它计划将其扩展到印度的14个州。

据ekgaon的首席运营官Rohit Magotra称，移动银行服务最多可以将贷款和其他服务交易费用减少3/4，而交易费用是为穷人提供银行服务的最主要障碍。移动电话交易有更为广泛的作用，可以用于印度的社会保障支付和公共分配系统，该系统以补助价格将基本物品卖给穷人。到2008年3月，Andhra Pradesh的8,000个村庄的居民都可以通过移动电话将他们的补贴打入智能卡中，然后用智能卡而不再是现金到定量配给商店购买商品。“小世界”正在建立这种系统，它认为全国性的服务有助于减少公共分配体系中的欺诈行为，还意味着可以从无银行的世界进入无现金的世界，印度可能会比美国或欧洲更早实现这个转变。





TEXT THREE


He gave no steer on future interest rate decisions and no assessment of where he sees the economy going. Yet Ben Bernanke's speech at the Cato Institute in Washington, D.C., on November 14th may be judged as the one in which he stamped his mark on America's monetary policy.

The Federal Reserve's chief used his speech to unveil the central bank's new strategy for communicating with the public. In short, the Fed plans to talk more—and more often—about its assessment of the economic outlook. While the Fed is not about to join the band of central banks that are guided by an explicit goal for prices, it will borrow some of the inflation-targeters' clothes. More than one Fed-watcher dubbed the new public-relations policy “inflation targeting-lite”. Until now, the Fed has published two forecasts a year. Starting on November 20th it will publish projections once a quarter. The end-point for forecasts will be pushed out from two to three years hence. And alongside the forecasts will be a “narrative” that gives more detail on the differences on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the Fed's rate-setting body.

Lengthening the forecasts from two to three years is more important than it sounds. Three-year forecasts should be untainted by transitory factors that blow the economy off course. As a result, they will say a lot about how quickly policymakers think the economy can grow and how low they believe the jobless rate can safely go. And since forecasts are conditional on an “appropriate” setting for monetary policy, the longer-term projections will reveal the inflation rate the FOMC is aiming for. If views diverge, then Fed-watchers will have not one but several inflation “targets” to focus on.

Ever the diplomat, Mr. Bernanke said that the new communications set-up is a “work in progress” and stressed it would not affect policy decisions. Yet his speech gives a clear sense of the kind of central bank he wants to run. The emphasis on providing a deeper insight into the spread of views on the FOMC signals a different approach from that of his predecessor, Alan Greenspan. Mr. Bernanke said allowing diverse views reduces the risk that one voice becomes “unduly dominant”.

Another theme is a more prominent role for explicit benchmarks. Mr. Bernanke acknowledged that his preference for an inflation target is not compatible with the Fed's “dual mandate”, which puts the goal of maximum employment on an equal footing with price stability. But he has nevertheless managed to find a way to get the Fed to be much clearer about its objectives. He acknowledged that one benefit of extending the Fed's forecasts for an extra year is that it will provide “an evaluation of certain long-run features of the economy”. And by agreeing to publish forecasts for headline inflation, as well as the less volatile core data, Mr. Bernanke has also addressed the growing perception that the Fed thinks fast-rising food and energy costs are not its problem.

This is an opportune time to make the Fed's policymaking more open. As Mr. Bernanke made clear, greater transparency will bolster the Fed's legitimacy and help preserve its independence. Since recent readings on inflation and activity are sending conflicting signals, the Fed will need an understanding and informed public if it is to make the right choices.

1. Which one of the following is NOT the change brought by the new strategy?

[A] Economic forecasts will be issued at a higher frequency.

[B] More details will be provided on economic outlook.

[C] The Fed's functions begin to resemble those of the central banks of other countries.

[D] It is of significant importance to lengthen the forecasting years.

2. The “inflation-targeters” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) refers to _____.

[A] Fed-watchers

[B] central banks

[C] the rate-setting body

[D] the public

3. The word “untainted” (Line 2, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.

[A] affected

[B] uninfluenced

[C] unmarked

[D] guided

4. Compared with the approach of his predecessor, Mr. Bernanke's approach is more _____.

[A] complex

[B] democratic

[C] reasonable

[D] practical

5. The second theme of Mr. Bernanke's speech is that _____.

[A] the goal of price stability is not supposed to be of the same importance as that of maximum employment

[B] it is very important to set a clear standpoint

[C] the Fed should establish new ways to find better objects

[D] inflation target should be the main focus for the coming economic forecasts





文章剖析


这篇文章讲述了美国联邦储备局的新策略。第一段讲述了Ben Bernanke发表的一个演讲；第二段讲述美联储的新政策就是更加透明并增加和公众的交流；第三段和第四段讲述新政策允许有不同的观点存在；第五段讲述Bernanke先生希望美联储可以做出明确的决定；第六段总述新政策的优点。





词汇注释


unduly adv. 过度地

benchmark n. 基准点

volatile adj. 不稳定的

bolster vt. 支持





难句突破


① As a result, they will say a lot about how quickly policymakers think the economy can grow and how low they believe the jobless rate can safely go.

主体句式：..., they will say a lot about how... and how...

结构分析：句中介词about后面的宾语从句是由how引导的两个并列的疑问句。

句子译文：因此，经济预测将会更多地涉及决策者认为经济发展会有多快、失业率能安全地降到多少的问题。

② And by agreeing to publish forecasts for headline inflation, as well as the less volatile core data, Mr. Bernanke has also addressed the growing perception that the Fed thinks fast-rising food and energy costs are not its problem.

主体句式：..., Mr. Bernanke has also addressed...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，前面的by...为句子的方式状语，后面that引导的从句是perception的定语。

句子译文：Bernanke先生同意发布总通货膨胀预测以及比较稳定的核心数据，他还提到，美联储日渐认识到，飞速上涨的食品和能源价格并不是它的问题。





题目分析


1. Which one of the following is NOT the change brought by the new strategy?

[A] Economic forecasts will be issued at a higher frequency.

[B] More details will be provided on economic outlook.

[C] The Fed's functions begin to resemble those of the central banks of other countries.

[D] It is of significant importance to lengthen the forecasting years.

1. 下列哪个不是新政策带来的变化？

[A] 经济预报的频率会更高。

[B] 会对经济前景给出更多的细节。

[C] 美联储的作用开始变得和其他国家的中央银行相似。

[D] 延长预报年限具有重要的意义。

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。选项A，第二段提到，美联储要增加对经济前景进行评论的数量和频率，因此，该陈述正确。选项B也是正确的。选项C，第二段提到：“美联储不会加入明确以价格为目的的中央银行群”，而文章中并没有将其功能与其他国家中央银行的功能进行比较，因此，该陈述是错误的。D，第二段提到了这一点，后面几段也反复提到了这点。因此，选项C为正确答案。

2. The “inflation-targeters” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) refers to _____.

[A] Fed-watchers

[B] central banks

[C] the rate-setting body

[D] the public

2. “以通胀为目标的群体”（第二段第四行）指的是 _____。

[A] 联邦储备观察员

[B] 中央银行

[C] 利率设定机构

[D] 公众

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据上下文，本句为：“虽然美联储不会加入明确以价格为目的的中央银行群，但打算借用这些以通胀为目标的群体的外衣。”中央银行群以通胀为目标，那么可以推断出这里说的“以通胀为目标的群体”就是中央银行。因此，正确答案为B。

3. The word “untainted” (Line 2, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.

[A] affected

[B] uninfluenced

[C] unmarked

[D] guided

3. untainted这个词（第三段第二行）最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 受影响的

[B] 不受影响的

[C] 未被注意到的

[D] 指导的

答案：B　难度系数：☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，将经济预报定为三年，因为期限延长，就不会受到短期因素的影响。因此，选项B最为符合题意。

4. Compared with the approach of his predecessor, Mr. Bernanke's approach is more _____.

[A] complex

[B] democratic

[C] reasonable

[D] practical

4. 和他前任的方法相比，Bernanke的方法更为 _____。

[A] 复杂

[B] 民主

[C] 合理

[D] 实际

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。根据第四段，Bernanke的方法和其前任的不同之处就是：他强调允许有不同的观点存在，因此，他的方法相对来说更为民主一些。选项B最为符合题意。

5. The second theme of Mr. Bernanke's speech is that _____.

[A] the goal of price stability is not supposed to be of the same importance as that of maximum employment

[B] it is very important to set a clear standpoint

[C] the Fed should establish new ways to find better objects

[D] inflation target should be the main focus for the coming economic forecasts

5. Bernanke先生演讲的第二个主题为 _____。

[A] 价格稳定的目标不如就业最大化的目标重要

[B] 确定清晰的立足点非常重要

[C] 美联储应该建立寻找更好目标的机制

[D] 对于以后的经济预测来说，通胀目标应该是其主要的焦点

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。第五段提到了Bernanke先生提到的第二个主题，他认为美联储应当给出更为明确的目标，而不是觉得最大程度的就业和价格稳定一样重要，因此，明确的基准点很重要。选项B最为符合题意。而选项A是明显错误的。选项C和D都不是第二个主题的重点内容。





参考译文


Ben Bernanke没有表示今后利率会如何调整变化，也没有评论经济的走势将会如何，但是，他于11月14日在华盛顿特区加图学院的讲话可以表明他对美国货币政策的看法。

通过这次演讲，这位美联储主席透露了中央银行和公众交流的新政策。简要地说，美联储计划增加对经济前景评论的数量和频率。虽然美联储不会加入明确以价格为目的的中央银行群，但打算借用这些以通胀为目标的群体的外衣。不止一位美联储观察员认为，新的公众关系策略是“以通货膨胀为目的”。到目前为止，美联储在一年内已经发布了两次经济预测。从11月20日起，它将于每季度发布一次经济预测。而经济预测的期限将从两年推到三年。除了经济预测外，还有关于联邦开放市场委员会（美联储的利率设定机构）变化细节的陈述。