D. the relationship between digital giants and their users
答案及解析：
31. 选B. user information
定位到第一段的最后一句，可知WhatsApp是提供的的用户的信息。
32. 选C. pose a risk to Facebook users
定位到Even without knowing that was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. 33.
33. 选D. cannot keep pace with the changing market
定位到第三段的第三句可知：比起变化的节奏，竞争法的进步则非常地缓慢。
34. 选D. the services are paid for by advertisers
定位到文章的第三段五到八句，可知主要是因为广告商在对服务付款。
35. 选D. the relationship between digital giants and their users
由just as可知，是为了证明例子前的论点，可以定位到最后一段的第一句。
Text 4
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” - the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”
“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.
36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______
A. seize every minute to work
B. list your immediate tasks
C. make specific daily plans
D. keep to your focus time
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that
A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
C. distractions may actually increase efficiency
D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying
38. According to Newport, idleness is __________-
A. a desirable mental state for busy people
B. a major contributor to physical health
C. an effective way to save time and energy
D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work
39. Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and unfocused ______
A. can bring about greater efficiency
B. can result in psychological well-being
C. is driven by task urgency
D. is aimed at better balance in work
40. This text is mainly about_____
A. approaches to getting more done in less time
B. Ways to relieve the tension of busy life
C. The key to eliminating distractions
D. The cause of the lack of focus time
答案及解析：
36. 选D. keep to your focus time
根据题干定位到第二段的最后一句，可知选择D。
37. 选B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
根据题干定位到第四段的最后一句冒号后面，others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day，可知选择B。
38. 选D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work
根据题干可以定位到七段的[idleness] is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done， 可知是选择D
39. 选A. can bring about greater efficiency
根据题干可以定位到第八段When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.可知选A.
40. 选A. approaches to getting more done in less time
根据全文理解，文章围绕approach进行写作，讨论在更少的时间做更多的事情的方式，所以选择A。
Part B:
Directions：
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Just say it
B. Be present
C. Pay a unique compliment
D. Name, places, things
E. Find the “me too”s
F. Skip the small talk
G. Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.
You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.
41.____________
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.
Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!
I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.
42.____________
It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, ”hello”, “how are you?” and ”what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.
So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43.____________
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
44.____________
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.
So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
45.____________
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!
So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.
When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!
41. A. Just say it
根据本段中的 It feels like its stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just it out. 可知本段的标题是just say it.
