Let’s now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned type of scientist，the theorist．Theorists are considered separately，since they are the rarest，most fascinatin9，and most important of the species sCientificus．Their motivational system most often is that of the Player，although occasionally it is that of the Operator．examda.
　　Although theorists are often viewed as cold，rational，deliberate machines，they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture．They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego of actors and an irrational，almost mystic attachment to particular views of their discipline．The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face，which often represents only their disdain for contact with the spectators． examda.
　　There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists．Theorists set the framework within which others do their research．Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories．Nontheorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function． Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status qu0．
　　What is the general personality makeup of theorists?Are they normal，neurotic，or even psychotic? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class normality，and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality．Perhaps they don’t fit any of the usual categories．George Bernard Shaw once said“The reasonable mall adapts himself to the world；the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself．Therefore，all progress depends on the unreasonable man．”Perhaps his message was to tolerate the dissenters，the faddists，the kooks，and in general those who disagree with what we know is right so long as they don’t become tOO violent．②Tolerate them，not out of any sense of humanity but for crass self-interest．A few of them are innovators，and society needs them infinitely more than they need society． examda.
　　In reviewing all the groups of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered，we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior but with some important common characteristics．④Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children．They are not foggily absent—minded or unrealistic；rather，many of the things they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the“everyday”world． [389 words]
　　1．A theorist pursues science primarily for______．
　　A．playing the game of science
　　B．the benefits of humankind
　　C．changing the world
　　D．challenging the status quo
　　2．It is generally thought that a theorist in science is an individual who is______．
　　A．both cold and rational
　　B．both enthusiastic and irrational
　　C．both neurotic and psychotic
　　D．both self-important and self-righteous
　　3．Scientific theorists are______
　　A．rarely admired
　　B．seldom discredited
　　C．usually isolated from ordinary people
　　D．1iving in a reality different from that of ordinary people
　　4．Nontheorists in science are______．
　　A．usually absent—minded or unrealistic
　　B．never interested in scientific theories
　　C．rarely interested in details of existing theories
　　D．willing to do their work within the framework set by theorists
　　5．In the author’s opinion，______
　　A．a scientist should never try to adapt himself to the world
　　B．a nontheorist seldom tries to adapt the world to himself
　　C．theorists contribute to the progress of human society
　　D．theorists have little to do with the modern society

难句透析
　　①Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist-unless he or she happens to ac— cumulate evidence(contrary to the status quo)]． examda.
　　【结构】在本句中，主句主语是“their work”，指前一句所说的“非理论家的科学工作者所从事的工作”；主句谓语是由“hut”连接的两个并列动词“contributes”和“does not threaten”。圆括号所标示的部分是形容词短语，用做后置定语，修饰“evidence”。
　　【释义】非理论家的科学工作者从事的工作对科学有所贡献，但是不会对科学家个人产生威胁，除非他收集的证据与现状截然相反。
　　②Perhaps his message was to tolerate”the dissenters，the faddists，”the kooks，and in generalthose[who dis— agree with(what<we know)is right)]一[so long as they don’t become too violent]．examda.
　　【结构】动词不定式“tO tolerate”后面跟有四个用上标的数字标明的并列宾语。第一个方括号所标示的部分是定语从句，修饰“those”。破折号后面的第二个方括号所标示的部分是状语从句，起补充说明作用。