51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is
[A] global inflation
[B] reduction in supply
[C] fast growth in economy
[D] Iraq’s suspension of exports
52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if
[A] price of crude rises
[B] commodity prices rise
[C] consumption rises
[D] oil taxes rise
53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.
[D] oil price changes have no significant iMPAct on GDP.
54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now.
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.
55. From the text we can see that the writer seems
[A] optimistic
[B] sensitive
[C] gloomy
[D] scared
[第51题答案及题解页数] B 第页
[第52题答案及题解页数] D 第页
[第53题答案及题解页数] D 第页
[第54题答案及题解页数] A 第页
[第55题答案及题解页数] A 第页
[长难句突破]
The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.
主体句式:The OECD estimates … that …
结构分析:本句的主要内容是estimate后面that引导的定语从句,里面看上去有很多数字和经济术语,其实内容比较简单,其中有两个并列结构,即“it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year”和“compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP”。
[全文译文]
过去经济衰落的日子会不会重来?自从石油输出国组织欧佩克在3月决定减少原油供应,原油的价格便从去年12月的每桶不到10美元攀升到约每桶26美元。这种近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和1979~1980年那两次可怕的石油恐慌,当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。前两次的油价暴涨都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退。那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都遭哪里?
本周伊拉克暂停石油出口,这使油价又一次上扬。强劲的经济增长势头,随着北半球冬季的到来,有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。
然而,我们有充分的理由预期这次油价暴涨给经济带来的影响不会像20世纪70年代那么严重。与70年代相比,现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额要小很多。在欧洲,税费在汽油零售价中的比例高达4/5,因此,即使原油价格发生很大的波动,汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著。
发达国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前,因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感。能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业重要性的降低,都减少了石油的消费。软件、咨询及移动通讯业消耗的石油,要比钢铁、汽车行业少得多。发达国家国民生产总值中每一个美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》报告中估计,如果油价持续一年维持在每桶22美元左右,与1998年的每桶13美元相比,这也只会使发达国家的石油进口增加占GDP的0.25%~0.5%。这还不到1974年或1980年收入损失部分的1/4。另一方面,石油进口国家的新型经济由于转向了重工业、能源消耗能量更大,因此可能会受到石油危机的强烈影响。
