这种现象在我们的生活中随处可见，尤其在校园里更加明显。一方面，很多求职者不愿意从事秘书或助理等工作，他们认为这些是卑微且无足轻重的。他们有更大的抱负，想直接登上成功的顶峰。可是他们没有意识到理想抱负是需要一步一步实现的。另一方面，很多失业者和毕业生都想少劳多得，想得到一份轻松舒适而且薪水不菲的工作。这种“好逸恶劳”的生活态度对个人和社会的发展都是很不利的。我们不应看不起服务业，第三产业，因为它确实为我们提供了很多工作机会和职位。
因此，采取一些必要措施来改善这种情况已经是当务之急。一方面，应该发起一场教育运动来普及这种“千里之行，始于足下”的理念和脚踏实地的生活态度。另一方面，要把懒惰的思想从青少年的思想中根除。只有这样人们才能更好地实现自己的人生价值，才能让失业率大幅下降，才能实现社会和谐。
名师点评
① complaining that she will never take a job of serving others: 伴随状语。
② why finding a promising job is so difficult in modern society: 这个句子充当了整个句子的宾语，叫做宾语从句。
特殊疑问词why, what, when等引导的宾语从句必须使用正常的陈述语序，不得使用主谓倒装的形式。
例如，这句就不能写成：why is finding a promising job so difficult in modern society？finding a promising job是主语。is是系动词。
再如：I don’t know what his name is。
绝对不能写成：I don’t know what is his name。
③ 2008年真题阅读选项中的句子。
原句为：Political compromises are easily found throughout the U. S. history。
稍加改动，变成了一个个性化的句子引入第二段内容的模板，虽然没有华丽的辞藻，但是非常精彩和纯正。
④ be conscious that: 意识到，that后边必须接完整的主谓宾结构。
这个表达等同于be aware that，可以进行同意替换。
此外：be conscious of 和be aware of 在意思上也等同于这两者，表示意识到。
但是：be conscious of 和be aware of后边要接单词或者短语，一般不能加句子。
⑤ the third industry: 第三产业，是service industry(服务业)的同位语。
同位语其实一般都是废话，等同于前面的词。
巧妙地使用同位语，可以把单调的句子变得错落有致、抑扬顿挫。
it does provide us with: does在句中表强调，翻译成“确实”。
⑥ Only in this way can… realize… and can… be… and thus can… be…：排比句，短促有力，气势强大，使得对未来的展望显得信心十足！
普通的被考生用烂了的这个句型：Only in this way can we live in a harmonious society，被本文的作者巧妙地改写成了一个精彩的排比句。
这样的作文，怎么能不得高分呢！
五、节约资源
储蓄水滴，储蓄幸福思路点拨
本图描述的场景是一副令人喜闻乐见的图画，图画中，一只可爱的小猪造型的储蓄罐，正在接住自来水里滴下来的水滴，像存钱一样，存储水滴。实际上，它储存的不是水，它储存的是幸福。我们可以看出，人们有了节水意识。但是，从正在滴水的水龙头看，还是有人忽略了节约用水这一问题。因此，本文可以这样写作：
第一段：描述图画；第二段：分析有些人浪费水的心理，并阐述水资源的宝贵；第三段：建议措施。
思维拓展
实际上，积极正面的图片写作，和揭示负面现象的文章没有什么本质上的区别，只要我们笔锋一转，就能把它继续按照原来的套路写。
本文也可以从低碳、环保的角度出发进行写作。
关于节约能源的话题，都可以按照这个行文思路和语言模式进行展开。
参考下图：
参考图片高分范文
Water used to be mistaken to be an unlimited and renewable resource. Actually, water resource is very limited and precious. It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention①. Just as is depicted in the picture, just like saving money, the lovely and smiling piggy bank is collecting every drop of water falling from the water tap。
However, water shortage is still a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being, and yet the phenomenon of wasting water can still easily be found anywhere in our daily life②. For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users. Someone even assumes that they have the right to waste water because they pay for it so that it has nothing to do with others. In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it③. Water resource is indispensable④ not only in our daily life but also in the industry and agriculture. And water is the wealth of the whole mankind, and it is hard to imagine what the world would be like⑤ when there is no more water。
Even though an increasing number of people have become aware of⑥ this emergency, further measures still need to be taken. On the macro level, the whole world should make a joint effort to fight against waste of water. On the micro level, publicizing activities, such as broadcasting wonderful ways on how to save water on TV and other media, should be conducted. To store water means to store happiness and only by saving water can we save a better life for our offspring。
佳作妙译
水资源一度被误认为是一种无限的可再生资源，实际上，水资源是非常有限且宝贵的。有幸的是现在公众开始关注这一问题了。如图所示，一只可爱的快乐小猪存钱罐积攒着水龙头里流出的每一滴水，就像存钱一样。
然而，水资源短缺问题仍然威胁着全人类的生存和发展。浪费水的现象在日常生活中仍然随处可见。例如，经常有粗心大意者忘记关水龙头。更有甚者认为自己缴了水费就有权浪费，与他人无关。事实上，水资源不仅在生活中必不可少，在工农业生产中也是不可或缺的。水资源是全人类共同的财富，很难想象当没有水的时候世界会是什么样子。
虽然越来越多的人已经认识到了这种紧迫性，但是仍然要采取进一步的措施。从宏观层面上讲，全世界应该共同努力反对浪费水。从微观层面上讲，要进行广泛的宣传活动。比如在电视台播出关于如何节水的节目。节约用水就是存储幸福，只有节约用水才能为子孙后代存储更好的生活。
名师点评
① It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention: 来自于2005年阅读真题，原句是这样的：Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention。
历年真题是一座巨大的宝库，广大考生一定要学会充分利用这宝贵的资源！
② 第二段开头，用了一个转折词，也就是“起承转合”中的所谓的“转”，把这篇作文改造成了一篇社会问题型作文，也就是大家最擅长写的作文。
③ In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it: 倒装句，表语提前，句子倒装。
倒装句写法：
第一步：写正常原句：Water is so precious that we cannot afford to waste it。
第二步：表语precious提前。
第三步：主谓倒置，变成So precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it。
普通的so… that… 句型，也能被化腐朽为神奇，成为钻石加分句型！
④ indispensable: 不可或缺的，替换important的一个很好的词汇。
顺便讲一个英译汉的技巧：大家可以看到，在译文中，这句话被翻译两次：必不可少、不可或缺。
因为原文中出现了：not only… but also，所以这个单词被拆开翻译成了两个近义词，以使行文更加通顺。
⑤ what the world would be like：注意宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
⑥ become aware of: 意识到。意思和用法都等同于be conscious of。后边接词语。
⑦ 非常重要：一般而言，历年真题中谈到的正面话题，或者人生哲理类的文章，有可能题目要求会变成：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
(1) describe the drawing briefly,
(2) explain its intended meaning, and then
(3) support your view with an example/examples。
也就是第三段并非发表个人评论(建议措施)，而是举例，这时候就需要我们去调整一下文章的叙述方法。
这种情况下，我们可以把结尾段调整为：
Examples of people’s increasing awareness on saving water can easily be found anywhere in our life. On the macro level, the whole world is making a joint effort to fight against waste of water. On the micro level, publicizing activities, such as broadcasting wonderful ways on how to save water on TV and other media, can be seen nearly anywhere and every day. In short, to store water means to store happiness and only by saving water can we save a better life for our offspring。
这样的话，结尾段就从建议措施，变成了论证文章的示例。
可见，随机应变，对写好考研作文也很重要。
六、面对人生与社会：乐观与豁达
乐观与豁达思路点拨
图画中的一只小绵羊，正呆在一块大石头的阴影下面。但是它乐观、豁达地认为，有阴影，那么就说明有阳光。这幅图无疑向我们传达了一种健康的人生哲学：乐观生活、达观处世。由于这是一篇人生哲理类文章，所以文章安排可以相对自由一些：
第一段：描述图画；第二段：利用正反举例论证悲观与乐观的差距+总结句；第三段：倡导一种乐观生活、达观处世的人生态度和人生哲学。思维拓展
本文也可以从世界观、人生观的角度入手。
相反，如果是一幅表明悲观厌世的图片，我们也可以采取同样的手法进行处理。
高分范文
As is apparently revealed in the cartoon above, the sheep lives happily in an optimistic state of mind, ignoring the threat of a dark shade, because he believes that where there is shadow, there is sunshine①. What is conveyed in the picture is both positive and illuminating。
As far as the purpose of the drawer is concerned, I think he intends to remind us of the importance of optimism. If the sheep in the cartoon feels anxious and pessimistic about the dark shade all day long, he can by no means have a comfortable and happy life. Examples like this are numerous, but I think the following one will be convincing enough. If there is half a cup of water, the pessimist may cry over it because they have only a half, while② the optimist may cheer for it because they still have a half. Obviously, they will have different perceptions and feelings③ toward the same life。
There is no denying that, most optimists have a high happiness index, which can hardly be experienced by pessimists. Therefore, we must read our life with a positive attitude. What’s more, the optimistic attitude can infect others strongly, meaning that we will find that all the friends around us are optimistic if we observe them in the same perspective. As a result, an atmosphere of optimism and happiness could be naturally set up. Therefore, let’s keep the famous line of Shelley, the well-known poet, in mind for ever, that is, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”④
佳作妙译
上面的漫画清楚地表现出这只山羊不顾阴影的威胁仍然保持乐观，因为它相信有阴影的地方就一定有阳光。图片中反映的问题是积极的和富有启发性的。
我认为作者要表达的意义是要提醒我们保持乐观心态的重要性。如果漫画中的山羊终日悲观地生活在阴影中，它将永远无法获得舒适和幸福的生活。类似的例子千千万，但是我认为下面的例子就足够有说服力。如果这里有半杯水，悲观的人会抱怨只剩下半杯了，而乐观的人在庆幸还有半杯可以喝。显然，面对同样的生活，他们会有不同的感受。
毫无疑问，乐观者拥有更高的幸福指数，而悲观者永远也体会不到。因此我们必须以积极的态度面对生活。而且乐观的情绪能强烈地感染他人，这就意味着如果我们以乐观的视角面对周围的朋友们，他们也会同样地乐观。于是，乐观和幸福的气氛自然而然地就建立起来了。因此，让我们把著名诗人雪莱的名句铭记在心吧：冬天来了，春天还会远么？
名师点评
① where there is shadow, there is sunshine: 这句话读起来是不是很熟悉？
没错，它正是仿写了我们非常熟悉的谚语“Where there is a will, there is a way”：有志者，事竟成。
作者将这句话仿写得惟妙惟肖，可见作者对语言驾驭是何等的娴熟。
② while: 表示两种现象的对比、反差，常翻译成“而”。
③ perceptions and feelings: 近义词叠加。
近义词叠加也是一种向阅卷老师展示自己语言能力和词汇量的一种极为有效的手段。
翻译：只翻译出一种意思即可。即，这两个词合译为：感受。
④ Therefore, let’s keep the famous line of shelley, the well-known poet, in mind for ever, that is, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”
全文的点睛之笔，堪称经典。
首先：keep sth. in mind 这个词组用得很地道。
其次：引用了雪莱的诗歌，表现出了深厚的文化底蕴。
第三：the famous line=“If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”即后者为前者的同位语。
同位语的介入，使句子结构错落有致，层次分明，朗朗上口。
第四：著名诗句“If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”淋漓尽致地诠释了乐观的生活态度。
实际上，历年真题的阅读中又何曾没有出现过这种模仿呢？广大考生可以去查阅2007年text 3中的最后一句：The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。
⑤ 非常重要： 本题题目要求最后一段也可能会变成：
support your view with an example/examples。
这时候，我们可以把文章的结尾改写为：
Examples of optimistic attitude toward life can easily be found anywhere in our world. How would have Zhang Haidi, suffering from the high paraplegia, made such glowing achievements in life, without her strong mind and optimistic attitude? Facing the serious diseases and hardships in life, she did not choose to hold back. Instead, she has been courageous and optimistic enough to defeat them. She has set an excellent example for us。
七、商业行贿
商业行贿构思点拨
上图表现的是在“尚方宝剑”严惩的威严下，一位从事商业贿赂的人落荒而逃。不言而喻，这幅图反映的是当今一种比较猖獗的社会现象：商业贿赂。深层次来讲，就是道德问题、责任问题。本文的内容和结构安排如下：
第一段：描述图画；第二段：从两个角度分析影响+分析动机；第三段：建议措施。
思维拓展
此类文章可以展开的角度有：金钱观，商业道德建设、职业道德建设，公平竞争。相似的图片比比皆是。请参考下图：
参考图片高分范文
There is no doubt that this cartoon vividly depicts a negative but rampant scenario in modern society: commercial bribery. Frightened by the sharp punishment sword, the man, carrying a large pile of money used as bribery①, is trying his best to escape. What is conveyed by the drawing is both realistic and thought-provoking。
The implication of the given picture can be elaborated in terms of the decline of work-moral values and the view on money. For one thing, commercial bribery has a very damaging and destructive② effect on the whole society. Firstly, moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness revealed in the action of bribery③ may stain and pollute the atmosphere of professional ethics and cause others to copy. Secondly, fair competition may be threatened because bribery puts honest businessmen at a disadvantaged position. For another, the bad behavior of commercial bribery is largely driven by “profit”， showing that those people who are involved in bribery do not have a right view on money. It is true that money is indispensable④, but, there is no denying that money should be obtained and spent in a reasonable, wise and legitimate way。
