Text 2

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
　　It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
　　Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
　　Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
　　The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?

[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.
　　[B] A type of conspicuous bias.
　　[C] A type of personal prejudice.
　　[D] A kind of brand discrimination.

47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
　　[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
　　[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.
　　[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

48. The 4th paragraph suggests that

[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
　　[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
　　[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
　　[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.

49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?

[A] They are getting impatient.
　　[B] They are noisily dozing off.
　　[C] They are feeling humiliated.
　　[D] They are busy with word puzzles.

50. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
　　[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
　　[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
　　[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

分析：
　　这是一篇议论文，讨论字母主义这一歧视现象。
　　第一段揭示字母主义这一隐藏的歧视现象。
　　第二段和第三段例释这种现象的广泛存在。
　　第四和第五段指出，这种现象不是巧合，也不是个别现象。文章引介一个理论，认为这种现象起始于幼时的学校教育。

参考译文：
　　过去一百年中，各种不公正和歧视要么遭到谴责，要么被视为非法，(46)然而，有一种歧视却潜伏下来，继续蔓延，那就是：字母主义。许多人迄今还了解这种现象，它指的是姓氏首字母位于字母表下半部分的人们所遭受的歧视。
众所周知，当顾客翻寻电话号码簿的时候，名为AAAA的出租车公司就比名叫Zodiac的公司占有优势。有一点还不太为人所知，Adam Abbott在生活中比Zoe Zysman拥有优势。英文名在字母表中前后分部均匀，但许多上层人士的姓的首字母都在A至K之间，令人感到离奇。
　　因此，美国总统和付总统的姓分别为B和C；乔治.布什的前任中（包括其父）有26位的姓在字母表的上半部，只有16位在字母表的下半部。更令人称奇的是，七大工业国的七位首脑中有六位的姓在字母表上位列上部（Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien, Koizumi）。世界三大央行行长（Greenspan, Duisenberg, Hayami）也是如此，即使其中一位用的是日本字。世界五位首富（Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison, Albrecht）也是一样。
　　这难道只是一个巧合？有一种理论（那些字母表上列位不佳者闲时构幻出来的）认为情况从一开始就很糟。(48)早在幼儿学校的第一年，老师就按字母顺序给学生排座位，以便能记住孩子们的名字，因此，近视眼小日斯曼（Zysman junior）就永远坐后排，并且很少被那些粗心的教师提问，而这些提问对孩子的成长有益。当时，那些姓氏字母不佳的孩子会为逃避提问而暗自庆幸，但结果是使他们素质欠佳，因为他们得到的个人关注少，在公众场合说话也信心不足。
这种不幸还在持续。(49)大学毕业典礼上，姓氏为ABC字母的学生首先得意洋洋的拿到奖状，等轮到ZYS们的时候，多数人都在打瞌睡了。就业面试，选举投票，会议发言或列席等诸多表格，也都是按字母顺序排序，人们费劲地翻阅，越往后翻兴趣也越少。

46. [答案] [A]
　　[解析] 这是一道例证题，涉及作者提及AAAA和Zodiac公司的意图，意图在第一段。理解第一段后可知A项（是为了阐述一种不太为人注意的不平等现象）为正确答案。
　　47. [答案] [D]
　　[解析] 这是一道推论题。综合前三段，可以认为：有些歧视现象令人难以察觉。D项符合此意，为正确答案。
　　48. [答案] [C]
　　[解析] 这是一道推论题，问第四段暗示了什么。第四五六句暗示，老师应顾及所有学生，因此C项为正确答案。
　　49. [答案] [B]
　　[解析] 这是一道句意题。在英文中，ZZZ常被用来描述人打瞌睡时发出的声音，因此，该句句意为B（他们就呼着了）。A是一个干扰性很强的选项，意思与上下文连贯，按一般的句意题设计规律，其实也可接受。选B不选A，跟本篇阅读文章的命题者的命题习惯有关。
　　50. [答案] [D]
　　[解析] 这是一道是非判断题。综合全文，不难发现 D项（按字母顺序排列一切会导致意想不到的歧见）为正确答案。

Text 3

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.
　　Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.
　　Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
　　Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.

51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.
　　[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.
　　[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.
　　[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.

52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

[A] Optimistic.
　　[B] Confused.
　　[C] Carefree.
　　[D] Panicked.

53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.

[A] gold market.
　　[B] real estate.
　　[C] stock exchange.
　　[D] venture investment.

54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?

[A] They would benefit in certain ways.
　　[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.
　　[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
　　[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.

55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

[A] A now boom, on the horizon.
　　[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
　　[C] Caution all right, panic not.
　　[D] The more ventures, the more chances.

分析：
　　这是一篇新闻体议论文章，主要讨论经济增长趋缓这一现象。
　　第一段通过Spero的例子，指出经济发展减缓的现象。
　　第二段，作者认为，人们虽然对经济略有担忧，但总体上还是比较乐观。
　　第三和第四段，作者引用一些住房及其他方面的市场情况，来证明第二段的观点。

参考译文：
　　(51)经济发展减缓，Ellen Spero还不致于咬指甲，但这位47岁的指甲修剪师的修指甲、美指甲的业务也不如所希望的那样多了。她的多数客户每周要化12到50美元，而上月两名老主顾突然不来了。Spero把这归咎于经济的疲软。“我是一个很好的经济晴雨表”，她说，“我提供的服务属于当人们想省钱的时候不要也行的服务”。所以Spero正在削减规模，只在她克里夫兰郊区住处的中档的Dillard百货商店营业，而不是在Neiman Marcus。“不知别的客户是否会弃我而去”，她说。
甚至早在Alan Greenspan承认美国过热的经济正在冷却之前，许多劳动者就已看到了经济渐缓的迹象。由于消费者节制支出，从汽车到Gap，销售额几个月来一直在下滑。对零售商而言，去年24％的年收入源自感恩节到圣诞节之间的营业，谨慎的营销方式适逢关键时刻。专家们已经说了，节日营业额与去年相比，已减缓了7％。(52)然而，还不到敲警钟的时候。消费者似乎只是略有担心，并不恐慌，许多人还说，即使稍微勒紧腰带，他们对经济的长远发展仍然感到乐观。
　　消费者说，他们并不感到绝望是因为尽管有不少忧患报导，他们的个人财富仍然保持良好。(53)多数地区房价保持平稳。经纪人Barbara Corcoran就说，在曼哈顿地区，“由于主体上受到华尔街奖励措施的刺激，在4，000，000到10，000，000房产区间出现了新一轮的淘金热”。在旧金山，尽管狂热投标已经降温，但房价仍在上涨。一位Bay Area的房地产经纪人曾说，“不再有20到30个投标，现在只会有2、3个投标”。多数人对找到一份好工作仍然信心十足。
　　(54)许多人看到了经济趋冷的乌云背后的光芒。潜在的住房购买者为低利率欢呼，雇主们对就业市场少了些泡沫也并不在意，消费者似乎受到证券波动的影响，而这些波动在今天的投资者看来是经济持续增长的必然因素。饮食业也会兴旺起来。以前在曼哈顿新开张的Alain Ducasse餐馆订个座是不可能的，现在不了。就此而言，Greenspan&Co. 还是值得夸耀的。

51. [答案] [D]
　　[解析] 这是一道句意题。根据第一段第2句可以反推（中间有But）第1句意思应是：对Spero来说，情况还不太糟。可见，D“Spero还没有处于几乎绝望的状态”为正确答案。
　　52. [答案] [A]
　　[解析] 本题询问公众对当前经济的看法，为态度题。依据第2段转折词（But）后面几句可知，尽管消费者有点担心，但仍对经济的前景持乐观态度。所以答案为A。选项C有干扰性，但carefree(无忧无虑)显然与第二段末句“mildly concerned”不符合，应排除。
　　53. [答案] [B]
　　[解析] 本题涉及考生论点与论据的识别能力。第3段作者提出观点“多数地区，房价保持稳定”，紧接着就提出论据，如Manhattan，San Francisco两地的房产经纪人的评论。可见，论据部分的“the $4million to $10million range”所涉及的应是“房产”，故B为正确答案。
　　54. [答案] [A]
　　[解析] 这是一道细节题。依据末段第2句往后的内容可知，无论是购房者、雇主们还是食客们，大家都乐见经济的“slowdown”，大家都能从中获益，所以答案为A。选项D一味说“消费者的购买力增长”过于片面，应于排除。
　　55. [答案] [C]
　　[解析] 本题考查作者全文的观点。综合全文可知，作者显然认为，对目前的经济来说，人们应谨慎，但不必恐慌。故此，C为答案。

Text 4

Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.
　　“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
　　But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”
　　“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
　　Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized —— going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.
　　Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
　　School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”

56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?

[A] The habit of thinking independently.
　　[B] Profound knowledge of the world.
　　[C] Practical abilities for future career.
　　[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.

57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of

[A] undervaluing intellect.
　　[B] favoring intellectualism.
　　[C] supporting school reform.
　　[D] suppressing native intelligence.

58. The views of Ravish and Emerson on schooling are

[A] identical.
　　[B] similar.
　　[C] complementary.
　　[D] opposite.

59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably

[A] a pioneer of education reform.
　　[B] an opponent of intellectualism.
　　[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.
　　[D] an advocate of regular schooling.

60. What does the author think of intellect?

[A] It is second to intelligence.
　　[B] It evolves from common sense.
　　[C] It is to be pursued.
　　[D] It underlies power.

分析：
　　这是一篇论说文，讨论美国人对学识的厌恶心理。
　　第一段开门见山的指出，美国人不重视学识，学校里面也一样。
　　第二和第三段指出，学校应起制约厌恶学识现象的作用。
　　第四段借用学者的观点，指出美国人厌恶学识的历史民族原因。
　　第五段介绍了先验论哲学家对厌恶学识现象的推波助澜。
　　第六段对学识和智力两个概念进行了对照界定。
　　第七段指出，美国学校厌恶学识的根本原因在于，教育被控制在厌恶学识的人的手中。

参考译文：
　　今天的美国人不太重视学识，人们崇拜的都是运动员、娱乐明星和企业家，而不是学者。(56)甚至学校也成了让孩子接受实用教育的场所―――不是为了知识而追求知识。学校中广泛存在的反学识现象随处可见。
　　“学校一直处于实用重于学识的社会之中”，教育问题作者Diane Ravitch就曾说，“学校完全可以（对这种社会思潮）发挥制衡作用的”。Ravitch最新的专著《回顾：一百年来学校改革的失败》探究了学校中反学识倾向的根源，(57)结论认为，学校根本未能制衡美国人对学识追求的厌恶。
　　但学校是能够并应该做到这一点的。鼓励孩子放弃精神上的追求，会使他们容易被利用和控制。如果孩子们不能批评性地思考，不能维护自己的思想，不能理解其他人的观念，那么他们就不能充分地参与民主社会。照这样下去，作家Earl Shorris认为，“我们的社会就会变成二流社会，社会也就不那么文明”。
　　“学识被当作权力或特权形式而遭到人们的憎恨”，历史学家Richard Hofstadter在他的《美国生活中的反学识思潮》一书中这样写到，这本书因探究美国政治、宗教和教育中的反学识根源而赢得普利策图书奖。Hofstadter说，从美国历史的开头起，美国的民主化和大众化冲动驱使美国人排斥一切精英文化的东西，实用、常识及本能的智慧被视作比书本中的东西更崇高的素质。
　　(59)Ralph Waldo Emerson以及其他一些先验论哲学家则认为，学校和僵化的书本学习会抑制孩子们的天性：“我们被关入学校和大学的背书室10或15年之久，出来时一肚子的文化却啥也不懂。”马克.吐温的《Huckleberry Finn》正好诠释了美国人的反学识倾向，书中的主人公拒绝被文明化―――上学读书之类―――因此保持住了自己的善良天性。
　　在Hofstadter看来，学识不同于本能性的智慧，后者是我们勉强赞赏的一种素质。学识是精神世界中的批评、创造和沉思的一面。智力力图理解、把握、排序和调适，而学识力求审视、沉思、探究、理论、批评和想象。
　　在学校中，学识仍不被信任。Hofstadter说，我们的教育制度被那些人所牢牢控制，他们“得意而咄咄*人地宣扬自己对学识的敌视，宣扬自己对最缺乏学识孩子的认同”。

56. [答案] [C]
　　[解析] 这是一道细节题，根据第一段第三句可知，美国父母期望孩子到学校学会些实用的技能，C项正是此意，为正确答案。
　　57. [答案] [A]
　　[解析] 这是一道细节题。依据第二段末句可知，美国人素来厌恶学识追求，答案显然为A。
　　58. [答案] [D]
　　[解析] 这是一道综合题。对比第二段和第五段可知，这两人的观点正好相反，所以D为正确答案。
　　59. [答案] [B]
　　[解析] 这是一道简单推论题。根据第五段中Emerson对学校所持的批评言论可知，他一定是学识的反对者，所以答案为B。A项不对，因为文章没说Emerson要对教育进行改革，文章更没有任何依据说他是这一变革的先锋（pioneer）。
　　60. [答案] [C]
　　[解析] 本题问作者对学识的态度看法。综合全文，尤其是第一段首句和第三段首句，读者能明显看出，作者实际上是赞成对学识的追求和重视的，所以C应为正确答案。

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.

Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.

61. [结构分析] 这是一个复合句。that引导的整个是宾语从句；which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的宾语从句。
　　[词汇难点] “took root”意为“扎根”。
　　[参考译文] 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
　　62. [结构分析] 这是一个主从复合句。because引导的整个是状语从句，as引导的是状语从句修饰前面的vanished。
　　[词汇难点] “be obliged to”意为“感激…”；since为副词，意为“自那以后”。
　　[参考译文] 我们之所以感激他们（两位先驱）， 是因为在此之后， 这些（土著）语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
　　63. [结构分析] 这是一个复合句，隐藏着so…that…结构。
　　[词汇难点] “strikingly”意为“显著的”；“well studied”意为“被充分研究过了的”；“accuse…of…”，意为“指责…做…”。
　　[参考译文] 这些新近被描述的语言得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
　　64. [结构分析] 这是一个复合句。开头Being引导的分词结构做句子的原因状语；that引导的是同位语从句，修饰idea。
　　[词汇难点] develop一词多意，这里为“创立”之意。
　　[参考译文] Whorf对语言和思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。
　　65. [结构分析] 这是一个复合句。Whorf…determinism为全句的主句；which引导的定语从句修饰determinism；定语从句中的动词states后有两个that引导的并列的宾语从句。
　　[词汇难点] determinism意为决定论，考生可根据构词和类似的词汇推敲其意；imprison的引申意为“禁锢”。
　　[参考译文] Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

Section Ⅳ Writing

66. Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

1) describe the drawing.
　　2) interpret its meaning, and.
　　3) support your view with examples.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
　　写作指导：这是一篇图画作文。考生首先应仔细审题：标题，提纲及图画本身。审题既是防止走题，也是为了确定文章的写作主题，同时审题也可帮助确定几个段落的内容安排。本文讨论的主题是：社会发展或人生奋斗过程中，很多时候，终点往往又意味着新的起点。三段内容按提纲要求可大致如下：第一段，描述图画；第二段，举例讨论该图的寓意；第三段，总结概括自己的主题。吴红云老师在其冲刺班及讲义中讲过及其相似的文章。

参考范文：

Wise people used to say that one’s journey through life can be divided into many sections and one finish-line of a section is just the starting-point of another one. This is most vividly illustrated in the given picture, which shows that a young runner, sweating all over, is breasting the tape. Obviously he has reached the finish-line, but as marked on the race-track, the finish-line is also the starting point of another race. It means that the runner will have to embark on another long run.
　　This picture has profound implications for both our society and us human beings. Our country, for example, has developed rapidly in terms of economy and science and technology. We have accomplished in about two decades what other industrial countries used to achieve in a century. But no one can deny that there is still a long way to go before our country becomes a prosperous and powerful one. In other words, what we have achieved today can only serve as the starting point of another long journey of development and progress. The same is true of us human beings. For instance, many of those who take part in the national entrance exams for masters’ programs will be admitted by some graduate schools. For them, it is certainly a happy end or a finish-line. But can anyone deny that the success is also the starting-point of another three years of hard work ?
　　In a word, life is a just cycle of starts and finishes. With this awareness, people can cope with what they will encounter in the future better and confront all the challenges more calmly and confidently.