重庆医科大学2005年神经病学博士入学试题

网络资源免费考研网/2009-01-14

重庆医科大学2005年神经病学博士入学试题
一、名词解释
1.Shy-drager syndrome
2.brain death
3.pseudobulbar palsy
4.Glilles de la Tourette syndrome
5.cortical blindness
6.stupor
7.nominal aphasia
8.stroke
9.Hunt syndrome
10.reffered pain
二、名词解释（将下列名词以英语解释，用汉语不得分）
1、帕金森病
2、多发性硬化
3、癫痫
4、运动神经元病
5、重症肌无力
6、短暂脑缺血发作
7、偏头痛
8、周期性麻痹
9、格林-巴利综合征
10、阿尔兹海默病
三、问答题
1、癫痫状态的临床处理。
2、MRN有周围神经病诊断中的应用。
3、卒中单元在脑缺血治疗中的意义。
4、脊髓压迫症的鉴别诊断。
5、单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的临床处理。
6、试述神经疾病的诊断原则。

英语名词
1.
pseudo-bulbar syndrome Bilateral impairment to the cortico-spinal systems (superior motoneurones) which leads to muscular spasticity, dysarthria, dysphagia and emotional lability. It is characterized by spasmodic laughter and crying.
2.
Epilepsy Series of symptoms characterized by repetitive seizures that are the clinical expression of an abnormal, sudden, excessive and transitory electric discharge within the central nervous system. Epilepsy may be symptomatic of an acquired acute or chronic lesion, or an idiopathic disturbance with or without genetic predisposition. There exist as many clinical expressions of epilepsy as there are cerebral functions, but the most frequent are loss of consciousness and convulsions. At the outset, the seizures may be generalized or partial , with or without secondary generalization.
periodic paralysis Transitory paralysis followed by complete recovery after a few minutes or hours.
3.
Parkinson's disease Most frequent subcortical degenerative disease : it follows impairment to the basal ganglions, the substancia nigra and the locus coeruleus, and is characterized by rigidity, rhythmic tremors, rigid and inexpressive facial expression, poverty of movements, abnormal posture, and walking in small steps with festination. It is often accompanied by a demential syndrome and depression.
4.
Myasthenia Abnormal muscle fatigue; reduction of muscle power.
5.
multiple sclerosis Progressive demyelinization disease, which progresses by periods of remissions and relapses, and whose cause remains unknown. One of the first symptoms is among those of focal lesions, but the clinical profile evolves towards that of progressive dissemination. The usual symptoms involve optical neuritis, diplopia, sensory problems, slowly progressing muscular weakness, jerky speech, articulation slowing, nystagmus, ataxia, and finally, paraplegia. An emotional control problem is usual, but euphoria, which is often described, may be inexistent and give way to a depressed state.
stroke or cerebrovascular accident:Cerebral disorder by far the most frequent, a cerebrovascular accident or CVA can be of two types : haemorrhagic or ischemic.
6.
Alzheimer's disease Degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is manifested by a demential syndrome and that results in neurostructural and neuurochemical changes affecting the neo-cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdaloids and the hypothalamus. Cortical atrophy is diffuse but often of parieto-occipital predominance, which accounts for aphasia-apraxia-agnosia symptoms. There may also be delimited lobal atrophy that, when affecting the frontal lobes, results in clinical signs that are difficult to distinguish from those of Pick’s disease. When the disease occurs in a young subject, it often has a genetic component and usually involves a more rapid progression.
7.
cortical blindness Visual perception disturbance affecting the entire visual world, whether it consists of linguistic information or not. It results from bilateral impairment to the calcarine occipital cortex.
8.
nominal aphasia /amnesic aphasia Clinical profile particularly characterized by a more or less severe word finding difficulty, which is often accompanied by periphrasis and verbal aphasias. There are few oral comprehension difficulties and repetition is excellent. It may constitute the beginning of a degenerative or tumourous disease, or even favourable progress of an aphasic profile that was more complex at the start. Amnesic aphasia is attributable to a left angular lesion that alters auditory memory tracing of words.
9.
transient cerebral ischemia Brief episode of cerebral vascular dysfunction with remission, but which has a tendency to reoccur. It may be attributable to a blood perfusion problem, an embolism or an arterial spasm. The deficits generally last less than 24 hours.
10.
Coma
Degradation of one’s state of consciousness that hinders receptive and expressive communication with the surrounding environment. This unconscious state, during which the subject cannot be wakened by verbal or even painful stimulation, can be attributable to structural impairment, a metabolic ailment, or an endogenous or exogenous toxic agent that hinders waking mechanisms to various degrees. Modification to spontaneous motility, muscular tonus, reflexes, and vital signs constitute expressions of the disruption to control, regulation, and integration waking mechanisms within the encephalon and brainstem.

重庆医科大学2005年神经病学博士入学试题

网络资源免费考研网/2009-01-14

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