5.阅读理解 （三）
Language
Language is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness①. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin② to the cult③ of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago.
The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw （who was also very insistent off good pronunciation）, audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia④, often designed, only too well, to exhibit "lack of communication", and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech." Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it: "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor⑤. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.
Notes：
①slovenliness n. 不修边幅，马虎
②akin a. 同族的，相似的
③cult n. 崇拜
④trivia n. 琐事
⑤squalor n. 肮脏；悲惨
41. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both_________.
A. occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidity
B. from time to time show concern for the finishing touch
C. appear to shun perfection
D. may make use of economical short cuts
42. What does the writer say has happened to spoken English today? ___________.
A. Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression.
B. On the whole, people dont mind making mistakes.
C. Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past.
D. Like written English, it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
43. What effect is the modern theatre said to have had on language? ___________.
A. It has become an important factor in reform.
B. It has made us more aware of subtleties in language.
C. It has exerted a welcome and positive influence.
D. It has had a ruinous effect.
44. The author says that the dialogue in Shaws plays is noted for___________.
A. refined presentation of Shaws ideas
B. remarkable outspokenness
C. being outstandingly well expressed
D. insistence on good pronunciation
45. Many modern plays, the author finds, contain speeches which___________.
A. are incoherent and linguistically objectionable
B. are far too difficult for most people to follow
C. unintentionally shock the audience
D. deliberately try to hide the playwrights intellectual inadequacies
6.补全短文
The first four minutes
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes," he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __46__. A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that.
You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.__47__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves."
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way."
__48__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."
But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honest" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.
__49__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __50__ that is at least as important as how much we know.
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.
7.完型填空
Shopping for Clothes
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in __51__. He knows what he wants, and his __52__ is to find it and buy it. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyones __53__.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. In that __54__ the salesman tries to sell the customer something else — he offers the nearest to the article required. Good salesman brings out such a substitute with __55__: "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It __56__ to be the colour you mentioned." Few men have __57__ with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be __58__ my time and yours by trying it on."
For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the __59__ way. Her shopping is not often __60__ on need. She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only "having a look round". She is always open to persuasion, willing to try __61__ any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that __62__ thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the look-out for the unexpected __63__. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another __64__ selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiresome process, but apparently a（n） __65__one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
51. A） detail B） advance C） hurry D） full
52. A） objective B） need C） dream D） reason
53. A） sadness B） amusement C） surprise D） satisfaction
54. A） time B） event C） case D） situation
55. A） care B） skill C） attention D） interest
56. A） happens B） is C） changes D） comes
57. A） experience B） is C） interest D） patience
58. A） losing B） wasting C） spending D） giving
59. A） same B） similar C） opposite D） clever
60. A） relied B） done C） related D） based
61. A） on B） with C） by D） people
62. A） nobody B） someone C） surprise D） everyone
63. A） deal B） bargain C） surprise D） people
64. A） before B） after C） as D） by
65. A） exhausting B） boring C） enjoyable D） graceful