2008年职称英语考试基础词汇重点解析(10a)(3)
网络资源 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-11
6.作补足语
有宾语补足语和主语补足语两种。
1)作宾语补足语 www.ExamdA.COM
有一些及物动词除跟宾语外,还需要有一个成分作逻辑上的补充说明,使得宾语的状态或行为或特征等的意思完整。这个成分称为补足语。由于说明宾语,因此称宾语补足语。不定式可作宾语补足语。如:
Many parents allow their children to make their own decisions.
许多家长允许他们的孩子自己拿主意。
(allow – permit 允许)
The trainer made the elephant dance before audience.
训兽中使大象在观众前跳舞。
注:
① 通常要求带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise, allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, find, imagine, know, tell, think, want, wish等www.ExamdA.COM
(advise – persuade 劝说 )
(think – suppose 想 )
② 要求不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(一般为表示“感觉”或“使役”的动词)有:feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch, listen to, look at
③ help后面的作宾语补足语的不定式带“to”或不带“to”都可以。
help Mary wash her clothes
help Mary to wash her clothes
2)作主语补足语
带有宾语补足语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,宾语成了主语,宾语补足语也就相应地成为主语补足语。当动词不定式用作主语补足语时,一律要用带“to”的形式。如:
Their children are allowed to make their own decisions. 来源:考试大
允许他们的孩子自己拿主意。
The elephant was made to dance before audience. http://ks.examda.com
使大象在观众前跳舞。
不定式结构在英语文章中使用频率较高, 如下面的这段文字中(4个句子), 不定式结构出现了5次, 请大家确认这些不定式结构在句子中的语法功能.
(1)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. (2) They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil. (3) Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and also known to cause poisoning中毒. (4) There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils.
提示: 相邻语句往往围绕同一中心发展, 在词语上常常表现为: 相邻语句中出现呼应的词语.
分析:第1,2,4句中不定式是作定语;第3句的不定式是作主补;
(hazard –danger 危险) 来源:www.examda.com
(hazardous – dangerous危险的)
(contaminate -- pollute污染)
Ⅲ不定式的逻辑主语
如要表明不定式或不定式的动作发出者(即逻辑主语,就要在不定式前用for+名词(或代词的宾格)。如:
Is the road wide enough for two cars to pass? 考试大
这条道路是否宽得足以使两辆车通过?
(wide – broad 宽阔的,辽阔的)
The conference is too important for you to miss.来源:考试大
这会议太重要了,你不能错过。
(conference – meeting 讨论会,协商会;会议)
(important –essential 重要的)
