二、部分倒装
　　1.否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词语置于句首作为句首状语时，一般必须采用部分倒装语序。
　　具有否定或半否定意义的词和词组有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(决不), in no way(决不), in/under no circumstances(决不), in no case(决不), on no account(决不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：
　　Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我从来未看见过这样美丽的公园。
　　Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.
　　No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我刚出去，就下雨了。
　　Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.
　　Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇见他。
　　Comp: I have seldom met him recently.
　　Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).无论在什么情况下我们都不会首先使用核武器。
　　Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.
　　Not only did he refuse(拒绝) the gift, he also severely(严厉地) criticized (批评)the young sender.他不仅拒绝收礼，而且严厉地批评了年轻的送礼者。
　　Comp: He not only refused the gift, he (but) also severely criticized the young sender.
　　2.当置于句首的宾语是nothing, no one, nobody等否定词，或被not a修饰时，句子要部分倒装。如：
　　Nothing would the poor child reply(回答).那个可怜的孩子什么也不回答。
　　Comp: The poor child would reply nothing.
　　Not a single word did Tom speak.汤姆一句话也不说。
　　Comp: Tom did not speak a single word.
　　3.“only + 副词、介词短语、状语从句”位于句首，即当句首状语由only修饰时，需要采用部分倒装。如：
　　Only in Beijing have I seen so beautiful scenery(景色).只有在北京我才见过这样美丽的景色。
　　Comp: I have seen so beautiful scenery only in Beijing.
　　Only if/when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.只有病得很重时，他才会躺在床上。
　　Comp: He stays in bed only when he is seriously ill.
　　4.“so……that”结构中的“so+状语”位于句首表示强调时，需要部分倒装。如：
　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他说话声大的隔壁的人都能听得见。
　　Comp: He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
　　5.由so(neither, nor)指代前面一句的内容表示“也是(也不)”的意义时，通常位于句首，并引起倒装, 如：
　　Tom can’t speak French. Nor(Neither) can Jack.汤姆不会讲法语，杰克也不会讲。
　　He has finished his work, and so have I.他已经完成了工作，我也是。
　　注意：当so 引出的句子是对上文的内容加以证实或肯定时，不用倒装。例：
　　“Bill will win the prize.”—so(是的)he will.
　　6.用于were, had或should等词开头的虚拟条件句(即省略了if的虚拟条件句中)，也引起部分倒装，但如从句中没有were, had或should,则不能这样做。如：
　　Should he come, tell him to ring me up。他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
　　Comp: If he should come,...
　　Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我处于你的位置上，我就去。
　　Comp: If I were in your position, ...
　　Had they not helped us, our experiment(实验) would have failed(失败).如果没有他们的帮助，我们的实验是会失败的。
　　Comp: If they had not helped us, ...
　　7.以no matter how或however引导的让步状语从句，会出现倒装的情况，如：
　　No matter how busy he is, he has to attend (出席)the meeting,无论多忙，他都得去参加会议。
　　However cold it is, he always goes swimming(去游泳).无论多冷他总是去游泳。
　　当对as等引导的分句中的形容词、分词、副词强调时，一般采取以下倒装结构：形容词/分词/副词/+as/ +主语+谓语
　　Strong as he is, he cannot lift(举起) the big stone.尽管他很强壮，他仍然举不起这块大石头。