托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)(4)

考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-03-13

四、非谓语动词

(一) 分词来源:考
现在分词和过去分词的区别 来源:考

①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
   A
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
     B      C            D
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning

②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in
      A               B  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.
               C         D
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living

一些动词后面必须用doing
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, 来源:考
 advocate, suggest来源:考
 delay, quit
 forgive(原谅),tolerate,
 avoid, escape(逃避)来源:考
 spend+名词+doing;来源:考
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their
   A     B    C              D
  crops.
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
               A        B
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.
        C          D
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing

(二) 不定式

A. 动词不定式的省略来源:考

①、help后面可以省略to来源:考
  help to do
  help sb. to do来源:考
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid
              A      B  
  the habits that might shorten the lives.
         C     D
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。

②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个
  make, 来源:考
  let,
  have sb. do sth来源:考
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
        A               B
  to know when to play various parts of a composition.
   C     D
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know

③、感官动词来源:考
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe
   see sb do sth. 强调过程来源:考
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事

B. 动词不定式的固定用法

(1)表示第一人 来源:考
the first woman to do sth.

(2)表示迫使的动词
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
     A                 B   
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.
       C           D
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。

(3)表示倾向…的形容词
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事
  be lieable to do 易于…的
  be apt to do

(4)表示目的的名词,
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。
固定的句式:来源:考
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.
the objective 目标来源:考
aim
goal
reason理由
function功能
intension意图
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing
                       A 
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
           B          C     D
分析:the function to provide, A错
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
                  A      
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
     B 
  that make up various components of a living cell.
    C    D
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错

(5) 其他同根名词
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
 attempt to do 企图来源:考
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
 ambition,
 be ambitious to do 
 effort来源:考
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation
  A                    B  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.
          C       D
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great
  A                   B  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
       C            D
分析:efforts to register, C错来源:考

C. 动词不定式的其他用法来源:考

(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.

(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时
I am glad to see you.
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen.

(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动
It is difficult to decide.


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