七、平行结构来源:考试大
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构
(一) 对等连接词来源:考试大
一共有三类连接平行结构的词
单一式: and, or ,but
相关式: both…and, not … but,
either …or, neither…nor
the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and,
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also
not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well,
短语式: as well as来源:考试大
rather than (而不是)来源:考试大
other than (除…之外)
instead of (代替)
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,
A B
but he is now living in Detroit.
C D
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics
A B
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford
remained active in city and regional planning.
C D
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半
(二)平行的内容来源:考试大
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of
A B
an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally,
C D
or yearly periods of light and darkness.
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行
第二、名词单复数的平行来源:考试大
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行
例:The main advertising media include direct mail,
A B C
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper.来源:考试大
D
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate,
A B
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world.
C D
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have
第三、时态的平行来源:考试大
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated
A
with the imagist movement , but later develops
B
her own thyme patterns and verse forms.
C D
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , -----
spread from its home in Central America and
now grows throughout the tropics.来源:考试大
(A) to be (B) it
(C) the (D) its
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢?
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ----
commercially for their meat and eggs.
(A) raised (B) and are raised
(C) raised as (D) are raised
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。
第四、排列位置的平行
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it.
(A) Not only does rust corrode
(B) Not only rust corrodes
(C) Rust, which not only corrodes来源:考试大
(D) Rust not only corrodes来源:考试大
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种:来源:考试大
1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。
2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确
3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误
