13. the most significant finding of the original research was
(a) lighting had no consistent effect on production
(b) production sometimes increased when lighting was reduced to the level of ordinary moonlight.
(c) that lighting was no more important than the other factors of temperature and humidity.
(d) the results were unexpected and confusing.

14. why does the author say that the important part of this research began when two harvard researchers were brought in (lines 8-9)
(a) until then the research had been poorly conducted
(b) they took a multifaceted approach
(c) the results of the original research did not make sense
(d) harvard has a good reputation in conducting research

15. the research became known as the “hawthorne effect” because
(a) it was the name of the plant where the study was conducted
(b) it was the name suggested by the harvard researchers
(c) it was the name of the principal experimenter
(d) there were hawthorne plants growing at western electric where the study was conducted

16. the word “it” in line 14 refers to
(a) the experiment
(b) economic motivation
(c) the western electric hawthorn plant
(d) the hawthorne effect

17. it can be inferred from this passage that the hawthorne study
(a) led to lighting, temperature, and humidity no longer being considered important when seeking ways to improve production
(b) stimulated further research into work condition and worker behavior
(c) led to psychological factors becoming the mostimportant consideration in achieving production efficiency
(d) led to economic considerations being less important in achieving productivity

18. part of the reason for the change in focus from economics to a more multifaceted approach to the psychological effects on doing work was
(a) due to the recognition that workers should be happy at work in order to maintain high productivity
(b) a general conclusion that pay was sometimes not the most important factor
(c) because the hawthorne study continued for so long
(d) because the workers requested it

19. according to the passage, it can be concluded that a “multifaceted approach” to human motivation in the workplace
(a) excludes economics
(b) can lead to greater productivity
(c) excludes physical conditions
(d) focuses mainly on psychological and social forces

20. the word “multifaceted” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(a) versatile
(b) complex
(c) many-sided
(d) multitude

21. which of the following is not true about the hawthorne study
(a) it was the first documented evidence of the psychological effects on doing work
(b) the hawthorne study continued for five years
(c) they found that workers responded not to the level of lighting but to the fact that other work conditions were not favorable
(d) the study changed the focus from economics to a multifaceted approach