TEXT J 　 First read the question. 57. The in-house technique developed and used by Venter is to _____. A. to discover new genes B. to decode for the first time the genome of a living organism C. to spread up his research D. to isolate the DNA of the organism 58. Why is Venter criticized and doubted? A. His goal is to ambitious to be achieved by the end of 2001. B. There are loopholes in his technique. C. US 300 million is far from being ample for such an ambitious research. D. All of above. Now go through Text G quickly to answer question 57 and 58. 　 ROCKVILLE, Maryland —— A pioneer of genetic research, 52-year-old biologist Craig Venter is challenging what he sees as the ultimate frontier of the discipline —— mapping the human genome. 　 His announcement in May 1998 that he would complete the process by the end of 2001 at a cost of US 300 million drew considerable skepticism. 　 For numerous colleagues, deciphering the totality of the genetic instructions necessary for the creation and running of the human body in only three years and with so little money is nothing short of science fiction. 　 But Venter stands by his bold ambition and is determined to achieve his goal. 　 "We are very confident we can complete the full genome sequence by the end of 2001", he said in an interview. 　 "We cannot be absolutely confident because this is the biggest project that anybody has ever tried in biology. But we are very confident." 　 In order to take on the financial and organizational might of the public sector, which is chasing the same goal, Venter and his firm Calera Genomic are using an in-house technique development by Venter to speed them on their way. 　 This technique was born when Venter was an ocscure researcher at the government-funded National Institute of Health (NIH) in the 1980s, attempting to discover new genes. 　 Rather than continue with the method of relying on chance to unearth genes, he decided instead to follow the gene trail by way of DNA, the molecule that transmits genetic information to cells. 　 The procedure was a success and very quickly Venter was expanding the known gene library to include information on hundreds of new ones he had discovered. 　 However, his technique has detractors, and his determination to patent his discoveries has added even more. 　 His boss at the time, the Nobel Prize laureate James Watson, described his ambition as "sheer lunacy." 　 Thus with a band of faithful followers, including his scientist wife Claire Fraser, Venter slammed the public sector door behind him and founded his own research center, The Institute for Genomic Research, with an ambitious aim: to decode for the first time the genome of a living organism, the bacteria that causes meningitis, Haemophilus influenza. 　 With his eye on speed, Venter innovated to cut corners. Where tried and trusted techniques of gene sequencing dictate orderly process, Venter isolated the DNA of the organism, scrambled it and used a computer to reassemble the resulting puzzle. 　 His method worked. In 1995, the 1.8 million letters of the entire genetic coke of the organism were published . 　 "That was major breakthrough," said Fraser. "What we have shown is …… our approach can be used on virtually any genome and is one that will save a great deal of time and money." 　 Here again, the critics were vocal, suggesting that his technique lacked rigor. 　 "There will be a lot of holes," said Michael Waterson, a leader of the government-sponsored genome project. "Their book of life will need a lot of further editing."

　　57. The in-house technique developed and used by Venter is to _____.

　　A) to discover new genes

　　B) to decode for the first time the genome of a living organism

　　C) to spread up his research

　　D) to isolate the DNA of the organism

　　58. Why is Venter criticized and doubted?

　　A) His goal is to ambitious to be achieved by the end of 2001.

　　B) There are loopholes in his technique.

　　C) US' 300 million is far from being ample for such an ambitious research.

　　D) All of above.