40答案D
「参考译文」Bernard Jessie关于什么的研究最著名？
「试题分析」同上
「详细解答」先找到Berard Jessie，阅读这个内容。
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION
SECTION A
「参考译文」The old man said that what was wrong with me was that I was too keen to win.Then he told me that if my opponent was too eager to win I should use soft methods to transform him.While I was transforming him I should be setting up the situation in which to defeat him.Softness isn't weakness.It's containing，drawing in，holding.By holding and transforming your opponent you draw him into the strategy you're setting up.To create this strategic situation you do everything by forcing nothing.Forcing nothing is the Way.It's also the unchangeable nature of chess.Try to change it and it won't be chess.You won't just lose；You won't be able to play at all.You can't go against the nature of chess，but you have to creat your own strategy in every game you play.Once you've sorted out both the nature of chess itself and your own strategy there's nothing you can't do.It really is mysterious，but if you think it over carefully you'll find it's true.
「详细解答」对待深奥的古文，可以用简单易懂的当代英语把文中诸多的术语及其所包含的深奥道理讲得清清楚楚。“老头儿说我的毛病又太盛”可意译，以及增译为 “too keen to win”，“柔不是弱，是容，是收，是含”，译成“softness isn't weakness.It's containing，drawing in，holding，”和原文的流畅性保持一致：“你想变，就不是象棋，输不用说了，连棋边儿都沾不上”译为“Try to change it and it won't be chess.You won't just lose；you won't be able to play at all，”尽量使译文保持原文的节奏与速度。
SECTION B
「参考译文」于是我就写了，写好以后过了几个小时，就鼓起勇气，来到《新闻周报》编辑部，打算把它扔在信箱里，可是我没有扔，或者说没等我拿主意，是扔呢，还是拿回家去再看看拼法，查查词典，门突然开了，里面站着一个面容憔悴的女人，我把东西往她手里一塞就走，拐了一个弯，还觉得自己好像是一个人差一点被当场抓住，已经引起怀疑，丝毫不能说已经脱险了呢？
……我没有勇气再往编辑部那边去。晚上经常躺着，睡不着觉。每到星期四，一大早就起来，溜到最近一家卖报的那里，战战兢兢地拿起《新闻周报》看上一眼，还有点不愿让人知道，仿佛那卖报的——顺便说一下，这个女人也是穷苦人，都管她叫高尔龙太太 ——仿佛她会猜出我秘密。最后，在极度失望的情况下，我就来到报社，见到了阿奇博先生德尔，他好像很惊讶，对我说了许多鼓励的话，还告诉我，他们把“共和国之歌”压缩了一下，是想把它用在一个特殊的场合——迎接八小时工作制。
「详细解答」这篇译文中可适当使用增译法，词序调整法，以及分译法。例如 “…had been nearly caught on the premises under suspicious circumstances”利用译法“差一点被当场抓住，已经引起怀疑”：“the Bulletin”运用增译法“为《新闻周刊》编辑部”：“used to lie awake and get up very early and slip down to the nearest news-agent's on Thursday mornings”这一句可运用多种方法的综合，见译文。文中有些词语理解要到位，“shove”为“to push forward or along”塞入：“haggard”为“appearing worn and gaunt”憔悴的：“on the premises”为“on the scene”当场。
PART Ⅴ WRITING
「写作指导」针对这个题目，考生应该仔细思想，“科技对人类文明的影响”是比较容易作文的题目。因为无论是利与弊都可以找到内容来写。但就是因为容易写好较难。
首先考生分析题目之后，开始构思三段的成文。科技包括以及体现在哪些具体的方面，影响体现在哪些方面，以及影响的好坏程度，都是考生要反复思考的内容。总的来说，科技的进步是推动人类文明的进步。着眼好这个立场之后，考生应该思考进一步证明的问题。
在第二段中考生着重分层次谈论科技给生产力，即经济方面带来的巨大影响。工业革命，电子革命带来了生产工具的大量改进与发展，从而不断推动生产力。经济的发展使人们被禁固的思维也得到解放，新的思路、理解方式、构想创新推动了文化的全面繁荣。
在第三段中，作者综合前面二段的内容，再次将自己的立场进行小结，从而结束全文。
「Sample Writing」
The Impact of Science and Technology
On Human Civilization
Science and technology，experiencing the development of thousands of years，now has stepped to a fantastic spurt age which has greatly propeled the development of society and civilization，especially in the period of Industrial Revolution and Electronic Revolution.
Just as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men's muscles to enormously expanded productivity，so the Electronic Revolution，representing by micro computer，is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from the human brain and thereby expanding the mind's capacities in ways that man has only began to grasp.These two revolutions help human beings step from savage，poverty，ignorance to modernity prosperity and intelligence.
Any new item of science and technology promises to do good to the development of civilization.Einstein's Theory of Relativity has an great impact on the development of nuclear industry.The inventory of steam engines，which was the symbol of Industrial Revolution，starts the page of modern transportation.Thanks to the investigation of the sun and earth by Copinia，humankind could get rid of the restraint of Catholics and society has became democraticly open.
The widest benefit of science and technology accrues to human being's daily life. Science and technology promise to enhance and simplify life. At home or office，routine chores will be performed with astonishing efficiency and speed.Leisure time，greatly increased，will be greatly enriched.Medical care will be with greater precision.Letters will not so easily go astray.Housewives are liberated from tedious housework， various programmed household appliances sharing the heavy burdens of clothes washing，cleaning，cooking shopping.
The spurt of science and technology，in turn，stimulates the development of humankind guaranteeing its advance at an accelerate speed.It is now an axiom in many fields of science in America that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that in the entire previous history of science.This accelerate trend of science and technology has a large impact on the civilization.
