SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
　　In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
　　Man is the only animal that laughs. But what is the (16) of laughter? One writer thought that it is to (17) others or to gain stature over them by humiliating them. Another writer in the 17th century thought we laugh at the (18) of the others. Laughter is defined as an emotional (19) It originated as a kind of semi verbalized social expression of (20) Everyone likes a good laughter because he brings (21) with him wherever he goes. We cannot think that it was (22) in the early days of mans evolution.
　　A second stage of the (23) is that nature favors those capable of expressing their pleasure in laughter. The development of (24) undeniably is an indispensable factor in the (25) of mans capacity to think and establish a mastery of his environment.
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　　(
　　PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
　　The following passage contains ten errors .Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
　　For a wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
　　For a missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
　　For an unnecessary word: cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
　　One important outcome of the work on the expression
　　of genes in developing embryos is sure to be knowledge
　　that can help preventing birth defects. Just as promising
　　(26)
　　is the possibility of unraveling the complicated writing
　　(27)
　　of the brain. A mechanic gets valuable insight how an
　　(28)
　　automobile works by rebuilding car engines; similarly,
　　neuroscientists can learn how the brain functions from
　　(29)
　　the way it is put together. The next step pursuing the
　　(30)
　　goal is to find out how the blueprint genes, the home box
　　genes, control the expression of other genes that create the
　　valves and piston of the working cerebral engine. The
　　protein encoded by the latter genes could change the
　　(31)
　　stickiness of the cell surface, the shape of the cell or its
　　metabolism to create the characteristic peculiar to, say,
　　neurons or neural-crest cell. Surface proteins may be the
　　(32)
　　mechanism, whereby similar programmed cells stick
　　together to form specific structures; they might also sense
　　(33)
　　the local environment to help the cell decide what is to do.
　　Clarifying those mechanisms will engage the best talents in
　　(34)
　　embryology and molecular biology for some times to come.
　　(35)
　　What is perhaps the most intriguing question of all is if the
　　brain is powerful enough to solve the puzzle of its own creation.
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