PART III READING COMPREHENSIONS

　　Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple choice questions. Reading the passages and the mark your answers on your answer sheet.

　　TEXT A Harrington Wilsons selling technique was simplicity itself. It was nothing more than a subtle manipulation of human vanity. He was aware that there were a number of people who professed to know a great deal about antiques, and even more who would rather not confess that they did not and who accordingly practiced little tricks and subterfuges to conceal their ignorance their neighbors. The women —— they were mainly women —— jostling round his stall, picking over his shoddy wares, would sometimes run a finger round the rim of a cup or hold it knowingly up to the light as if to the test its luster, and plates were invariably turned upside down in search of china marks. To such a customer, Harrington would lean forward, benevolent and confidential, and in a conspiratorial whisper would murmur: "No, madam. Im afraid its not genuine (Wedgwood, Sevres —— whatever it might be) but it is a superb copy —— no one would ever suspect that it was not real, unless, of course, you told them. I can let you have it for —— I could sell it for much more, but it would be unethical of me to try to pass it off as genuine …" The customer, overwhelmed by such honesty and privately determined not to be quite so honest about the article to heir friends, would then willingly pay 2 for something that had cost Harrington a few pence. The profit margin on these transactions was obviously so great that he was soon able to set up another stall and then a shop and yet another and so on. He enlarged his specialties, dealing in spurious Victoriana, Georgian silver, trinkets and bric-a-brac, eventually branching out into reproduction furniture and paintings. Without any deliberate intention of doing so, he acquired an extensive knowledge of the antique business and as time went on, was accounted one of the greatest experts of his time.

　　36. It seems that Harrington Wilson's initial success owed a great deal to _______.

　　A) his apparent ingenuousness

　　B) the good bargains he offered

　　C) his air of gullibility

　　D) the honesty of his methods

　　37. Among the people who patronized Harrington Wilson's stall, there were some who ______.

　　A) had more knowledge than they appeared to have

　　B) were less knowledgeable than they appeared

　　C) did not trouble to conceal their ignorance

　　D) dislike being thought intellectual snobs

　　38. When a woman customer held an article "knowingly up to the light" (line 7),she was trying to _______.

　　A) demonstrate her expertise

　　B) make sure she was not being cheated

　　C) compare it with another article she had bought

　　D) show her appreciation of its charm

　　TEXT B Arid region in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seeks who vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off-road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long-range effects on the areas water-conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that compaction of the sandy arid soil resulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction cause by the off-road vehicles often killed native plants species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compared by vehicles.

　　39. According to text, what is being damaged?

　　A) Motorcycles.

　　B) The desert landscape.

　　C) Roads through the desert.

　　D) New plant species.

　　40. According to the text, what is happening to native plants in these areas?

　　A) They are becoming more compact.

　　B) They are adapting.

　　C) They are invading other areas.

　　D) They are dying.

　　TEXT C Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or to drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individuals behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the bodys changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging. Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cell in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system. The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term form the Greek hormone, meaning "to excite or set in motion." The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter. "Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine," which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.

　　41. What is the author's main purpose in the text?

　　A) To explain the specific functions of various hormones.

　　B) To provide general information of about hormones.

　　C) To explain how the term "hormone" evolved.

　　D) To report on experiments in endocrinology

　　42. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect hormones?

　　A) Modification of behavior.

　　B) Sensitivity to hunger and thirst.

　　C) Aggressive feelings.

　　D) Maintenance of blood pressure.

　　43. The text supports which of the following conclusions?

　　A) The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.

　　B) Synthetic hormones can replace a person's natural supply of hormones if necessary.

　　C) The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person's age.

　　D) The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.

　　44. According to the text, another term for exocrine glands is _______.

　　A) duct glands

　　B) endocrine glands

　　C) ductless glands

　　D) intestinal glands