FOR

　　biodiversity生物多元化 来源：www.examda.com

　　utilitarian value实用价值

　　mammal 哺乳动物 species 种类

　　threaten威胁 a right to existence生存权

　　a natural evolutionary process自然进化过程

　　large-scale land clearing大规模的土地开发

　　commercialization 商业化

　　biodiversity 生物多元化 abuse 滥用

　　deforestation毁林 over-fishing 过度捕捞

　　irreparable damage 不可弥补的损失 来源：www.examda.com

　　For

　　1. Biodiversity as a whole has overwhelming utilitarian value.

　　2. Biodiversity is one of man’s greatest assets.

　　3. All living things from mammals to fish to insects to plants are connected and depend upon each other for survival. The removal or extinction of one species affects our entire environment.

　　4. Hundreds of species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction.

　　5. Other species have a right to existence.

　　6. Extinction can be a natural evolutionary process but a lot of it - especially if it occurs at a faster than natural rate - is caused by humans.

　　7. Many species have become extinct because of large-scale land clearing carried out and the commercialization of agriculture.

　　8. Biodiversity must be preserved at all costs and measures taken to ensure more species don’t become extinct. 来源：www.examda.com

　　9. Humans have the power to affect our environment more than any other species and with this power comes responsibility. If we continue to abuse the earth by deforestation, over-fishing, hunting and large scale land clearing, we will cause irreparable damage.
 

　　AGAINST

　　12. Fossil evidence shows that mass extinctions have occurred many times throughout the history of life on earth, one of the most notable being the mass demise of the dinosaurs.

　　13. On the ethical side, the desire to protect biodiversity must not overwhelm other human goals. It would be wrong, for instance, if we allowed concern for the environment to destroy someone’s aspiration to educate their children, or to provide good health care for their family, or to live in a safe, comfortable home.

　　14. The view that extinctions will give rise to ecological disaster is an exaggeration.

　　15. After every collapse of biodiversity, it subsequently rebounded, with the earth coming to no lasting harm.

　　16. Saving endangered species is interfering with the evolutionary process.

　　17. It’s not really the “actual” evolutionary process because it’s already been changed by humans.

　　18. We believe in natural selection. Since the very beginnings of life, Nature has operated by the Darwinian principle of “survival of the fittest”.

　　For

　　10. Protecting endangered species is an extension of our existing system of ethics. Just as we protect weaker and less able human beings, we should safeguard the welfare of other less privileged species.

　　11. Scientists have long taken their inspiration from nature. Every time a species becomes extinct, scientists forever lose an opportunity to make a new discovery.

　　12. The goal is to restore all endangered and threatened species to the point where they are again viable, self-sustaining members of their ecological communities.

　　13. It is imperative for governments of developed and developing nations to adopt more environmentally friendly policies.

　　14. Quite apart from the fact that we actually need some of these animals, birds and insects to ensure our environment remains habitable to us humans, there is al