(II). Types & Uses of the Documentary Credits P35--58

1. Types P35--36

(1) Irrevocable Documentary Credit P35

(2) Revocable Documentary Credit P35--36

2. Uses P36--58

(1) Irrevocable Straight Documentary Credit P36 (Specimen Refer to P37)

(2)Irrevocable Negotiation Documentary Credit P36--39

(3) Irrevocable Documentary Credit (Unconfirmed) P39

(Specimen Refer to P40-41)

(4) Irrevocable confirmed Documentary Credit P39--42

(Specimen Refer to P43-44)

(5) Revolving Documentary Credit P42--45

(6) Red Clause Documentary Credit P45

(7) Standby Credits P45--46

(8) Transferable Documentary Credit P47--54

(9) Assignment of proceeds P55--56

(10)Back-to-back Documentary Credit P57--58

VI. Bonds, Stand-by letter of credit & Counter-trade P58--72

(I) Bonds P58--62 (Specimen Refer to P66-72)

1. The Role of bonds in international trade P58

2. Types of bond P58--59

3. "On demand" bonds & conditional bonds P59--60

4. The procedure for issuing bonds P60

5. The procedure which bonds cause for exporters P60--61

6. How can an exporter overcome or reduce the problems of bonds ? P61--62

7. Other precautions an exporter can take requiring to provide bonds P62

(II) Counter-trade P63--65

1. What is counter-trade? P63

2. Forms of counter-trade P63

(1) counter-purchase(link purchase) P63

(2) Barter P63

(3) Compensation or buyback deals P63

(4) Barter by means of trust accounts P63--64

(5) Offset P64

(6) Evidence accounts P64

3. Pitfalls of counter-trade for the exporter P64

4. Sources of help for the counter-trade exporter P65

(1) Banks P65

(2) ECGD P65

(3) The Projects & Export Policy Division of the DTI P65