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Cloze Test 3

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.    41    kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is   42   to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more   43  . The new experiments, such as these   44   for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations   45   of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep   46   is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet,   47   examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A research has now   48   the mystery of why the animals die. The rats   49   bacterial infections of the blood,   50   their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

41. [A] Either                            [B] Neither                      [C] Each                [D] Any
42. [A] intended                      [B] required                    [C] assumed       [D] inferred
43. [A] subtle                           [B] obvious                     [C] mysterious     [D] doubtful
44. [A] maintained                  [B] described                 [C] settled             [D] afforded
45. [A] in the light                    [B] by virtue                     [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose
46. [A] reduction                     [B] destruction               [C] deprivation     [D] restriction
47. [A] upon                            [B] by                                [C] through           [D] with
48. [A] paid attention to         [B] caught sight of         [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on
49. [A] develop                       [B] produce                     [C] stimulate        [D] induce
50. [A] if                                    [B] as if                           [C] only if               [D] if only

Cloze Test 5

Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They   41   that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the   42   man. But they insisted that its   43   results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the   44   of the English population.    45   contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to1750, when England was still a   46   agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

The view,   47  , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists   48   history and economics, have   49   two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was   50   by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41. [A] admitted                    [B] believed                         [C] claimed            [D] predicted

42. [A] plain                          [B] average                          [C] mean                [D] normal

43. [A] momentary                [B] prompt                          [C] instant             [D] immediate

44. [A] bulk                           [B] host                               [C] gross                [D] magnitude

45. [A] On                             [B] With                              [C] For                   [D] By

46. [A] broadly                      [B] thoroughly                    [C] generally          [D] completely

47. [A] however                     [B] meanwhile                     [C] therefore          [D] moreover

48. [A] at                               [B] in                                   [C] about               [D] for

49. [A] manifested                 [B] approved                       [C] shown             [D] speculated

50. [A] noted                         [B] impressed                      [C] labeled             [D] marked

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Cloze Test 6

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies   41   low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them   42   and active. When the work is well done, a   43   of accident-free operations is established   44   time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

Successful safety programs may   45   greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by   46   rules or regulation.   47   others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safe   48  . The fewer the injury   49  , the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at   50   or at a loss.

41. [A] at                               [B] in                                   [C] on                    [D] with

42. [A] alive                         [B] vivid                               [C] mobile            [D] diverse

43. [A] regulation                [B] climate                         [C] circumstance         [D] requirement

44. [A] where                      [B] how                               [C] what                [D] unless

45. [A] alter                           [B] differ                             [C] shift                 [D] distinguish

46. [A] constituting              [B] aggravating                 [C] observing      [D] justifying

47. [A] Some                        [B] Many                             [C] Even                [D] Still

48. [A] comes off                 [B] turns up                        [C] pays off          [D] holds up

49. [A] claims                     [B] reports                          [C] declarations[D] proclamations