82. The word "levels" in Line 6 means _______.
A) stages B) organizations
C) standards D) classes
83. We may conclude that _______.
A) Sociology also studies the relationships between different groups
B) A society consists chiefly of four social levels
C) How a society began and grew is the main interest of sociologists
D) There were no societies before the 1830
84. Spencer probably agreed with Darwin _______.
A) that the present human developed from simple forms
B) that there were simple and advanced societies
C) in how a society devel oped
D) in when a society began
85. The book which greatly influenced sociology was written _______.
A) in Latin B) in the 1830s
C) by Darwin D) by Spencer

Questions 86 to 90 are based on the following passage:

For years, the Tobacco Institute has tried unsuccessfully to refute (反驳) the charge by health experts that cigarette smoking can be dangerous to your health. Now the Institute has taken a new track. In an advertising campaign last fall, the industry trade association ignored health questions and stressed that not smoking could be dangerous to local economy."Tobacco means ＄1,193,000,000 to Virginia," trumpeted one ad. "Virginia tobacco helps pave Virginia roads, build Virginia parks and support Virginia social programs. Tobacco means 90,000 Virginia jobs." The message was repeated with the appropriate dollar figures in six other tobacco states.
The statistics (统计) are based on a study by the University of Pennsyl- vania's Wharton School, which calculates that, overall, the U.S. tobacco industry generates ＄30 billion in wages and earnings, ＄15.5 billion in capital investment and ＄22 billion in tax revenue (收入) each year."If you look at the economic contribution tobacco makes to America," says Edward Horrigan, Jr., Chairman of R.J. Reymolds Tobacco Co., "there's no reason for us to be ashamed of the business we are in."
The American Cancer Society disagrees. While Virginia is collecting its ＄1.2 billion in tobacco revenue this year, the society said, 2,900 of its citizens will be victims of lung cancer. Thousands more, the society could add, will be victims of other diseases strongly associated with smoking. And the U.S. Surgeon General estimates the direct dollar costs of treating smoking-related illnesses nationally at more than ＄13 billion a year -- not to mention another ＄25 billion in lost wages and productivity.
86. On what ground did the Tobacco Institute dispute with health
experts in the past?
A) The Tobacco Inst itute insisted that not smoking will harm local
economy.
B) The Tobacco Institute argued that much of the government's revenue
comes from tobacco tax.
C) The Tobacco Institute argued that cigarette smoking can be dangerous
to your health.
D) The Tobacco Institute insisted that cigarette smoking can't be
dangerous to your health.
87. "Tobacco means ＄1,193,000,000 to Virginia"(in Paragraph 1).
This statement means _______.
A) Virginia will produce ＄1,193,000,000 tobacco
B) Tobacco is worth ＄1,193,000,000 in Virgina
C) Virginia will collect ＄1,193,000,000 in tobacco revenue
D) There is a heavy tax on tobacco in Virginia
88. Which organization pays attention to the health warning?
A) The industry trade association
B) R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.
C) The American Cancer Society.
D) The Tobacco Institute.
89. The U.S. Government's annual tobacco revenue is _______.
A) ＄1.2 billion B) ＄30 billion
C) ＄1,193,000,000 D) ＄22 billion
90. Why does Edward Horrigan, Jr. say,"there's no reason for us to be ashamed
of the business we are in"?
A) Because he thinks that not smoking will affect the American economy.
B) Because he thinks that tobacco is not harmful to people's health.
C) Because he thinks that there is not enough evidence to prove the
harmful effect of smoking.
D) Because he thinks that tobacco will contribute to the health of the
American people.


WRITING

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composi- tion on Changes in Farming in the U.S. Your composition should be based on the information given in the table below and should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write clearly. You should quote as few figures as possible.
Farm Population Number of Farms Average Farm Size
(Million) (Million) (Acre)
1940s 32 6.3 170
1950s 24.5 5.6 230
1960s 17 4 300
1970s 9.5 2.9 360
1980s 6 2.5 450
Write your composition in three pa ragraphs to
(1) compare the information contained in the table;
(2) give possible reasons;
(3) present your point of view.
Changes in Farming in the U. S.