Passage 2
　　In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in resent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modem period, pre-modern cultures have proved more difficult to determine: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not surprising that some earlier studies concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 paper on Amazons（希腊神话中亚玛逊族女战士）, women-ruled societies of questionable existence which was contemporary with ancient Greece.
　　Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies—societies in which ancestors and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B.C. who speaks of an Amazonian society, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.
　　Nevertheless, the assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is doubtful. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact --- real Amazonian societies -- but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women's role in their own society. Thus I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous.
　　26. Bachofen’s theory are still popular today because ______.
　　A) reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquire
　　B) ancient societies show the best evidence of woman in positions of power
　　C) feminists have shown little interest in ancient societies
　　D) Bachofen’s knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleled
　　27. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem concerning the sources of knowledge of pre-modern cultures?
　　A) They are far from sufficient
　　B) They are confined to researchers
　　C) They confuse researchers
　　D) Conflicting accounts in the literature
　　28. The author’s attitude toward Bachofen’s theory is that ______.
　　A) it is convincing
　　B) it is feasible
　　C) it is skeptical
　　D) it is radical
　　29. It can be inferred that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as _______.
　　A) hostile B) disinterested C) curious D) confused
　　30. Which of the following is NOT true?
　　A) The author disagrees with Bachofen’s agument
　　B) Herodotus mentioned an Amazonian society
　　C) Facts show that a female-ruled Amazonian society did exist
　　D) The first recorder of ancient myths may not necessarily reflect facts
　　Passage 3
　　Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.
　　Commonly, the scientist is also seen as being male. It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as “female.”
　　The image most people have of science and scientists comes from their own experience of school science, and from the mass media. Science teachers themselves see it as a problem that so many school pupils find school science an unsatisfying experience, though over the last few years more and more pupils, including girls, have opted for science subjects.
　　In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific stories in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of “good” scientists saving the world, and “mad” scientists trying to destroy it.
　　From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research), threatening public health (as in weapons research), or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such as those held on the issues connected with nuclear power).
　　The mass media also tends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the product of individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible. A further effect of this is that science comes to be seen as a thing in itself: a kind of unpredictable force; a tide of scientific progress.
　　It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is done with their work depends very much on who has the power to turn their discoveries into technology, and what their interests are.
　　31. According to the passage, ordinary people have a poor opinion of science and scientists partly because ______.
　　A) of the misleading of the media
　　B) opinion polls are unflattering
　　C) scientists are shown negatively in the media
　　D) science is considered to be dangerous
　　32.. Fewer girls than boys study science because ______.
　　A) they think that science is too difficult
　　B) they are often unsuccessful in science at school
　　C) science is seen as a man’s job
　　D) science is considered to be tedious
　　33. Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on _____.
　　A) the routine, everyday work of scientists
　　B) discoveries that the public will understand
　　C) the more sensational aspects of science
　　D) the satisfactions of scientific work
　　34. According to the author, over-personalization of scientific work will lead science
　　A) isolation from the rest of the world
　　B) improvements on school system
　　C) association with “femaleness”
　　D) trouble in recruiting young talent
　　35.According to the author, what a scientist does _______.
　　A) should be attributed to his individual genius
　　B) depends on the coordination of the society
　　C) shows his independent power
　　D) is unpredictable