第二目 虚拟语气
例1 （4906）Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 84 that their students should not be too dependent on them.
84. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer
例 2 （4916）A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the differences between places. If places 87 alike, there would be little need for geographers.
87. A) being B) are C) be D) were
例 3 （4956）Most of the people who invented the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions 89 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 90 .
89. A) as B) if C) because D) while
90. A) ago B) past C) ahead D) before
例 4（4981）…but _63_ you were to move the skin you would not tell anything about the race to which the individual belonged.
A. since B. if C. as D. while
1） 假设性虚拟语气，动词时态倒退一格。包括：
a. if从句（在非真实的假设下才成立）
b. as if/as though从句
c. wish的宾语从句
d. would rather后的从句
e. It is (high) time that从句
f. If only感叹句中的虚拟语气（If only I had followed your advice）
讲讲only if
2) 建议性虚拟语气，以suggest为代表，动词用原形或should+原形。
a. suggest, insist, order, request, require, demand 等动词的宾语从句
b. suggestion, order, request, requirement, demand 等名词的同位语从句（后接that ，三种句式有相通之处，不妨讲透）
c．It is important/necessary/essential/advisable that 句式（of great importance that）
3) 情态动词的虚拟语气用法
重点掌握must/could/should/would/might等+have+过去分词用法
第三目 虚拟语气
知识要点: 倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：
1） 否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构（hardly, seldom,
scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once ，under no circumstances, in no way， no sooner […than]）用于句首时所导致的倒装。
如： Vitamins do not provide energy, __42__ do they construct or build any part of the body.
42. A. either B. so C. nor D. never
2） 虚拟倒装。指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中，将IF省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。
e.g. Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.
1） 强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装：.句子结构要求倒装：如：
Vitamins do not provide energy, __42__ do they construct or build any part of the body.
A. either B. so C. nor D. never
a. so 倒装句
So sudden was the attack that they had no time to escape.
So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
b. 以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often，then, so
Often did we ask her not to be late for school.(考研83年题)
Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.
So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.
c.以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语；little, hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, nowhere, not once
4） 某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语: under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner …than, hardly/scarcely/barely…when/before
5） As作“虽然—但是”解时用半倒装。
As（做“虽然”讲）引导让步状语从句时，须将被强调部分提前，主、谓语实行倒装。
e.g. Short as he is / Hard as he tried, …(可出考题)
As的五种用法：
例1 (4916) A geographer might be described 85 one who observes, records, and explains the differences between places.
85. A) for B) to C) as D) by
例2 (4941) It (plane) shook violently 89 it touched the ground and then moved rapidly along the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.
89. A)as B) unless C)while D) so
例3 (4951) Did you ever have someone's name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? 71 this happens again, do not try to recall it.
71.A) As B)When C) While D).whether
4）省略倒装。涉及词语包括so, neither, nor(讲透)。
e.g. Beida is a key university in China, so is Renda.
Tom didn’t go dancing , nor(neither) did I.
例（4981） __70__ does size have anything to do with intelligence.
A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So
4. 从句和强调句型
例 1 (4916) The word geography comes from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphing, 75 means “to write”.
75. A) what B) that C) which D) it
例 2（4031）…but a bird has a single alarm cry, _75_ means “danger!”
A. this B. that C. which D. it
例 3 （4901）Furthermore, these highways generally connect large urban centers which means that they become crowded with heavy traffic during rush hours, 79 the ‘fast, direct’ way becomes a very slow route.
79. A) when B) for C) but D) that
例 4 （4901）These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places 88 the air is clean and the scenery (风景) is beautiful, …
88. A) there B) when C) which D) where
例5（4031）Let’s look at this definition in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __62__ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world.
62. A. that B. it C. as D. what
第三节 语篇考查 （篇）
例 1 Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observe rules or regulations. _______ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker.
A. Some B Many C. Even D. Still
例 2 （4901）The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. Although these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with 73 sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most __75___ one. Large high ways often pass 76 scenic areas and interesting small towns.
73. A) little B) few C) much D) many
75. A) terrible B) possible C) enjoyable D) profitable
76. A) to B) into C) over D) by
例 3 （4906）When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 79 guidance. It is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works;
79. A) maximum B) minimum C) possible D) practical
例 4 （4906）In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is 88 .
88. A) plentiful B) limited C) irregular D) flexible
例 5 （4916） 76 geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an entire continent.
76. A) Some B) Many C) Most D) Few
