第6课
关于逗号的一些知识
原则：逗号没有能力连接两个单独的句子。
如何区分短语与句子？一个结构如果有完整的谓语部分就是句子。
何为完整的谓语部分？如果能判断出一个结构的时态就可以称这个结构为完整的谓语部分。

在什么样的情况下一个逗号可以将句子分成两部分，而这两部分都有完整的谓语呢？
1 两个句子中间有连接词连接；
2 这两个句子是主从句关系（主从句之间一定要有句子引导词来引导）。

10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer. [declined v. 婉言谢绝]
A not being finished   B not having finished
C had not been finished   D was not finished

42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising. [survey 调查]
A as results   B which results   C the results of it   D the results of which

51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train. [having been canceled这里是独立主格作原因状语]
A had been canceled   B have been canceled
C were canceled   D having been canceled

46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. [variable n. 变项，变量；model vt. 建模]
A Even if   B As far as   C If only   D So long as
even if 即使，即便； so long as （后面加句子时）只要。

47. My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.
A would leave   B will have left   C has left   D had left
将来完成时：will have + 动词过去分词。

49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A stung   B stuck   C bitten   D scratched
sting v. （蜜蜂）叮，蛰； bite v. （蚊子等）咬； scratch vt. 抓伤，划破（通常指猫抓人）。
once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.
A in no way   B in vain   C without effect   D at a loss
in vain 徒劳，白费工夫； But很少与介词without联用； at a loss 不知所措。

52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.
A By   B On   C At   D For
on后面加动词ing形式表示“在…之后”这个时间概念。

54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.
A should have done   B would have done   C may have done   D must have done
should have + 动词过去分词，表示本应该做； may have + 动词过去分词，表示可能做过；
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句谓语动词的表达形式可能用到：would have + 动词过去分词。
must have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行肯定推测。表示一定做过；
can't have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行否定推测，表示不可能做过。

56. This crop does not do well in soils[各种土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.
A outside   B other than   C beyond   D rather than
outside prep. 在…外边； rather than 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者）。
beyond prep. 超出…的范围； beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的梦想。
other than 不同于，而非，当它与否定词no或not出现在同一个句子中时表示“除…之外”。

66. In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
A other than   B more than   C better than   D rather than

63. My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.
A mood   B emotion   C attitude   D feeling
be in no mood to do/doing sth. 没有情绪（心情）做什么事情。

67. I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_. [in a moment 马上，立即（它作为时间状语时一定与将来时态搭配）= in an instant.]
A for a moment   B in a moment   C for the moment   D at the moment

68. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent. [trumpet 小号]
A than   B more than   C as   D so much as
当否定词not与so much as出现在同一句子中时，它们的含义是：与其说…不如说…

70. Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.
A unceasingly   B gradually   C continuously   D continually
unceasingly adv. 不停止地，不休止地； gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地；= step by step.
continuously adv. 连续不断地； continually adv. 时断时续地。

43. Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.
A densely   B vastly   C enormously   D largely
densely populated 人口分布稠密； sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。

52. _D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.
A None   B Either   C Both   D Neither
none表示的是三者或三者以上都不； either表示的是两者之间任意一者。

55. Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as _A_ other musicians.
A superior to   B more superior than   C more superior to   D superior than
注意：具有比较意味的形容词只需要与to搭配，而无须more, than。

58. She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.
A anxious   B effective   C adequate   D efficient
anxious adj. 忧虑的，焦虑的； anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑； effective adj. 有效的；
take effective measures 采取有效的措施； adequate adj. 充足的，足够的；= surficient.
efficient adj. 效率高的，能胜任的。

64. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.
A in a way   B in the way   C in that way   D in no way
in the way 引导句子时表示“在...方面”。

170. Please move this chair, it is _A_.
A in the way   B on the way   C in a way   D by the way
in the way在没有引导句子时表示“挡路的，妨碍某人的”。

67. In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.
A feeling   B feel   C felt   D to be felt
考试中常见的几个使役动词：make, get, keep, leave.
考试中的形式：使役动词 + sb.(sth.) + ___ 此时空格处应填分词
具体是要填现在还是过去分词由空格前的sb.(sth.)决定，
如果它是动作的发出者则填现在分词，如果它是动作的承受者则填过去分词。

41. He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.
A after   B by   C at   D during
介词by引导时间状语时一定与完成时态搭配。

45. His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.
A wondered   B wonder   C to wonder   D wondering

49. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.
A blank   B hollow   C vacant   D bare
blank adj. 空白的（因为没写字而空白）； hollow adj. 空心的，中空的；
bare adj. 光突突的（山上没有树和草）；没带首饰的； bald adj. 秃顶的。

50. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _D_ heavy schedules.
A with regard to   B as to   C in relation to   D owing to
owning to = due to 因为。

52. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A peculiarly   B indifferently   C vigorously   D inevitably
peculiar adj. 奇特的； indifferently adv. 冷漠地，不积极地；
vigorously adv. 强有力的，强劲有力的； inevitably adv. 不可避免地，必然地。

60. We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A may we use   B we may use   C we could use   D did we use

61. In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. [in short supply 供应不足]
A store   B provision   C reserve   D supply
in previous times 从前； fresh water 淡水； fresh meat 鲜肉； dove n. 鸽子；
bean curd 豆腐； Bible 圣经； bible 具有权威性的书； God 上帝； god 神。

62. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.
A had been taken   B would be taken   C be taken   D to be taken
以下几个表示“指挥，命令”的动词：order, command, direct.
在引导宾语从句时从句要用“(should) + 动词原形”来体现虚拟语气。

63. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.
A had come   B coming   C come   D that came

65. I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A to   B on   C at   D in
to the point of 到了…程度； on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事情；
at the point of 在某点上； when除了表示“当…时候”外，还可以表示“恰在此时”或“刚…就…”

68. The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A accomplished   B being accomplished
C to be accomplished   D having been accomplished

69. _C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.
A If being   B It is   C There is   D There being
evidence表示“证据”，最大的特点是后面经常带同位语从句说明证据的内容。
language-acquiring ability 语言习得能力。 evidence不用在“it is …”这种结构当中。

64. After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room[客厅].
A ordering   B arranging   C tidying up   D clearing away
order vt. 命令；订购；整理，使有条理性； order one's thoughts 整理思路，整理思绪；
arrange v. 布置，安排； tidy up 整理，使整洁（后面通常加某个房间）；
clear away 把…清除掉。

67. A lorry[卡车] _A_ Jane's cat and sped away.
A ran over   B ran into   C ran through   D ran down
run over 撞倒并碾过； run into 不期然地遇到； run through 贯穿（多用于抽象事物）；
run down 贬低； run down one's opinion.

70. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.
A appreciated   B approved   C appealed   D applied
rare books 珍藏本的书籍； appreciate 重视，欣赏，感激； approve 批准，通过，赞成；
approve of 赞成，满意； apply 应用，运用；
appeal 呼吁（表示此意义时它经常于for搭配）；申诉，上诉（表示此意义时它要于to搭配）。

15. Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me?
A have the pleasure of   B give the pleasure in
C do me the pleasure of   D take pleasure in
pleasure n. 荣幸； 第二选项的正确形式应为：give me the pleasure of
C选项也可写为：do me the favor(favour) of

18. _C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.
A at once   B No sooner   C The moment   D Hardly
以下几个引导词都可以表示“一…就…”：as soon as, the instant, the moment.

25. Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.
A on   B in   C at   D of
表示身体某一部位受伤用介词in。 hit sb. in the face 打某人一个耳光。

28. Cork was angry; _D_ he listened to me.
A and   B but   C so   D nevertheless
cork n. 软木塞。 nevertheless conj. 尽管如此。

34. That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.
A delicate   B feeble   C sensible   D feasible
instrument n. 仪器，（弹奏的）乐器； delicate instrument 精密仪器。
delicate adj. 精密的，准确的； feeble adj. 软弱的，无力的； sensible adj. 明智的；
sensitive adj. 敏感的； be sensitive to 对…很敏感； feasible adj. 可行的，行得通的。