一、否定句型中的直译误区
英语中有一些不同的否定句型,其中有一些句型不能完全采用直译法进行翻译,否则,就会造成误译,甚至与原意背道而驰,下列几种否定句型值得注意:
1. 部分否定句型,这种句型不同于汉语的思维形式。
I do not know all of them.
误:对他们我都不认识。
正:对他们我不是个个都认识。
All the answers are not right.
误:所有答案都不对。
正:答案并非全对。
Every body wouldn't like it.
误:每个人都不会喜欢它。
正:并不是每上人都会喜欢它。
2. 单一否定中的部分句型
It is a long lane that had no turning.
误:那是一条没有弯的长巷。
正:无论多长的巷也有弯的地方(路必有弯,事必有变)。
It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.
误:聪明人从不犯错误。
正:无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。
We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.
误:我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。
正:对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。
It was not until years afterwards that he heard of Semmelweis.
误:没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。
正:直到数年之后他才听到Semmelweis 的消息。
二、长句直译的误区
1. 根据句子内在的逻辑关系和汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。例如:
There are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imaging whole cities, even mankind generally, moving downward, of having the outermost mile of the Earth's crust honeycombed with passage and strue-ture, like a gigantic ant hill.
The chances are that the dwellers of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier conditions, than dwellers of surface cities do today.
事。
"同今天地面城市里的居民相比,新洞穴里的居民如果在比较健康的生态环境中生活,会有更多的机会见到青枝绿叶。"
2、有些长句需要直译与意译结合,顺译与递译结合,需要综合处理。
But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical, view is held by those scientists who claim .that the evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading, and that man does have within him the power of abolishing war.
这个句子的主句部分可以意译,从句部分可直译。
It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astonishing enterprises
and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences , which she bears unto this day .
3、由于有些句型不同于汉语的思维方式,常常需要进行倒译。
Textile finishes have in general become a "no-no" in today's market place ,thanks to many reasons ,says a represen tative of fiber producer.
一位纤维厂家代表说,由于许多原因,纺织物整理剂在今天的市场上已经到无人的问津的地步。
How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand.
比较起来,你们这些有视觉的人,通过观察表情的微妙变化,肌肉的颤动和手势来迅速把握别人的基本品质,则是何等容易,保等满意啊!
