翻译总论：中英差异

1、  英语重结构、汉语重语意：

1）  好好学习，天天向上：Work hard and make progress everyday.

2）  你不知道谁知道：If you don’t know, who knows!

2、  英语多长句、汉语多短句：

Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the                deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. (Bible)    

    地是空虚混沌，渊面黑暗；神的灵运行在水面上。

3、  英语多从句、汉语多分句：

He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them. (Ernest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea)

他眼下已看不见海岸的那一道绿色了，只看得见那些青山的仿佛积着白雪的山峰，以及山峰上空像是高耸的雪山般的云块。（吴劳译）

4、  英语多代词、汉语多名词：

Erich Segal: Love Story

Jenny:“Oh, ‘what a falling off was there’. Who said that?”

Oliver:“I don’t know”, I replied, “Shakespeare?”

Jenny:“Yes, but who said it?” She said anxiously.

“ I can’t even remember which play it was in.”

5、  英语多被动、汉语多主动：

1）常见句型：

（1）       It is said that据说

（2）       It is believed that人们认为

（3）       It is reported that据报道

（4）       It is estimated that 据估计

（5）       It must be pointed out that必须指出

（6）       It must be admitted that 必须承认

（7）       It has been found that 实践证明

（8）       It is suggested that 有人建议

（9）       It is agreed that人们认为

（10）   It is imagined that 人们认为

（11）   It cannot be denied that 不可否认

（12）   It will be seen from this that 由此可知

（13）   It should be realized that 必须认识到

（14）   It is always stressed that人们总是强调

（15）   It is generally considered that 人们普遍认为

（16）   It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张的说

2）  主被均可：

（1）       That book must have been taken away by Wang Fei.

（2）       In the development of social economy, the culture tradition must be kept.

（3）       The economic development is decided to great extent by science and technology.

3）  主译为宾：

New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.

4)  Gettysburg Address：Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.  (Abraham Lincoln)

林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》：87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它主张自由，并且信仰一种理论，那就是人类生而平等。