情态动词综合用法指导

考研 Freekaoyan.com/2008-04-06

  情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:
  1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
  2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。
  3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。
  4) 情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to ,即接动词原形。
  英文中的情态动词主要有:can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ,另外,shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。例如:
  He can speak five languages .他会说五种语言。
  She must have arrived home by now .现在她准到家了。
  We should study hard for our motherland . 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。
  They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time
  for them . 他们还有足够的时间,用不着这么慌张。
  1. 常用情态动词的基本用法
  can , could 能,会
  (could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。)
  1)表示脑力或体力上的能力
  Nobody can stop the development of science .
  谁也无法阻止科学的发展。
  She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。
  He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters .
  他能潜入约二十米深的水中。
  He could hardly support his family before he found the new job .他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。
  I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith .
  我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。
  2)表示客观上的可能性
  You can borrow this useful book from the library .
  你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。
  A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。
  Now people can skate on the lake .现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。
  When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .
  当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。
  3)表示主观上的允许
  Can I ask you some questions about it ?
  我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?:来源:www.examda.com
  You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回来你才能离开。
  Such kind of thing can't happen any more later .
  这类事以后不准再发生了。
  Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗?
  Could you tell me how to get to the airport ?
  您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?
  Could I be forgiven my negligence ? 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?
  4)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧
  How can / could you be here ? 你怎么会在这儿?
  She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that .
  她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。
  He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多岁了。
  Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢?
  另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如:
  Could you speak a little slowly ?
  您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?
  I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment .
  恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。
  I could come earlier if asked .
  如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。
  We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .
  如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。
  You could have done better if you had worked harder at it .
  如果你再加把劲,本来可以干得更好一些的。
  may , might 或许,可能,可以
  (might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)
  1)可能性
  I may be busy from tomorrow on .从明天起我可能会忙起来。
  You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。
  I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。
  She thought it might be wise to try her luck here .
  她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。
  2)表示允许
  May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?:来源:www.examda.com
  I'd like to have a smoke here if I may .
  如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。
  The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days .
  图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。
  At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.
  在记者招待会上,一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。

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